circRNA:一种调控糖尿病病理演变的新型分子

circRNA:A Novel Molecule that Regulates the Pathological Evolution of Diabetes

糖尿病已成为21世纪增长最快的全球突发卫生事件之一。circular RNA(简称circRNA)是一种以3'-5'磷酸二酯键形成闭合环状结构的长链非编码RNA,且高度稳定、进化保守,普遍存在于真核生物组织中的特异性发育阶段。其可能通过参与胰岛炎症、靶器官胰岛素抵抗、胰岛β细胞增殖凋亡等一系列病理生理活动影响糖尿病的进展,还可作为生物标志物协助医生早期诊断和预测糖尿病的发展方向,并有望成为全新的糖尿病治疗靶点。目前虽然部分circRNA被揭示了其与糖尿病的相关性,但其调控T2DM发生的具体机制、作用通路、准确因果关系有待进一步挖掘。本综述对circRNA的发现与发展,结构与功能进行了阐述,并围绕胰岛β细胞及胰岛素靶器官(肝脏,脂肪,骨骼肌)系统综述了circRNA在糖尿病发生发展中调控作用,为代谢领域研究工作者基于circRNA开发治疗糖尿病的药物奠定理论依据。

Diabetes has become one of the fastest growing global health emergencies in the 21st century.Circular RNA(circRNA)is a kind of long non-coding RNA with a closed ring structure formed by 3'-5'phosphodiester bond.It is highly stable and evolutionarily conserved,and generally exists in eukaryotic tissues at specific developmental stages.It may affect the progress of diabetes by participating in a series of pathophysiological activities such as islet inflammation,target organ insulin resistance,isletβcell proliferation and apoptosis.It can also be used as a biomarker to assist doctors in the early diagnosis and prediction of diabetes,and is expected to become a new therapeutic target for diabetes.At present,although some circRNAs have been revealed to be related to diabetes,the specific mechanisms,pathways,and exact causal relationship of circrnas regulating the occurrence of T2DM need to be further explored.In this review,the discovery,development,structure and function of circRNA are described,and the regulatory role of circRNA in the occurrence and development of diabetes is systematically reviewed around isletβcells and insulin target organs(liver,fat,skeletal muscle),which lays a theoretical basis for metabolic researchers to develop drugs for the treatment of diabetes based on circRNA.