新中国成立75年来我国职业教育助力乡村治理的制度变迁及当代启示——基于历史制度主义的分析

The Institutional Changes and Contemporary Inspirations of Vocational Education in Supporting Rural Governance in 75 Years since the Founding of the People's Republic of China——Based on the Analytical Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

我国职业教育助力乡村治理的制度变迁经历了治理乡村贫困、全面建成乡村小康社会、纵深推进乡村振兴的演进历程。1949-1977年为革命性制度变迁,呈现突变式制度断裂的特点;1978年至今为渐进性制度变迁,呈现渐进式制度断裂的特点。影响我国职业教育助力乡村治理的深层结构包括计划经济体制的经济结构、集权管理模式的政治结构、社群本位文化的文化心理结构,总体呈现出较强的路径依赖特征。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家的历史方位下,应加快构建职业教育助力乡村振兴的长效机制,着力突出产教融合的职业教育类型优势,以制度创新突破路径依赖,实现新的制度均衡,为乡村振兴贡献职业教育力量。

The institutional transformation of vocational education in China assisting rural governance has gone through the evolutionary process of addressing rural poverty, comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society in rural areas, and deepening rural revitalization. The period from 1949 to 1977 was a revolutionary institutional change characterized by a sudden institutional rupture, while the period from 1978 to present is a gradual institutional change characterized by a gradual institutional rupture. The deep structure that affects the assistance of vocational education in rural governance in China includes the economic structure of the planned economy system,the political structure of the centralized management mode, and the cultural psychological structure of the community-based culture, which overall presents strong path dependence characteristics. In the historical context of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country,we will accelerate the construction of a long-term mechanism for vocational education to support rural revitalization, focus on highlighting the advantages of vocational education types that integrate industry and education, break through path dependence through institutional innovation, achieve new institutional balance, and contribute vocational education strength to rural revitalization.