唐山市某眼科医院2018年—2023年白内障手术患者流行病学特征分析

Tangshan one eye hospital patients with cataract surgery in 2018-2023 epidemiological characteristics

目的 本研究旨在深入剖析唐山市某眼科医院在2018年—2023年白内障手术患者的流行病学数据,以期揭示在该地区白内障手术患者的流行病学分布特征。方法 回顾性收集在唐山市某眼科医院2018年1月—2023年12月确诊为白内障的患者作为研究对象,统计不同年龄段患者数量及其构成比,分析白内障手术患者在就诊年份、年龄、性别分布上的构成差异以及患者手术前后视力及眼压的变化情况,分析2018年—2023年在该院行白内障手术患者的流行病学特征。结果 从年份的角度来看,2018年手术人次最多,为816例;2018年—2023年的总例数(人次)呈下降趋势,其中2021年手术病例数最少,为379人;在此之后手术人次有所上升,在2023年已达到620例。分析2020年和2021年该院白内障手术患者总人数下降的主要原因是于2020年1月23日我国启动了重大公共卫生突发事件一级响应,提示这种现象可能和2020年严格的防控措施导致的就诊人数和检测数量减少有关。发现白内障通常在中老年时开始发生,并且随着年龄的增加构成比逐渐升高。我院的白内障手术患者以61~75岁和76岁及以上两个年龄段为主要构成人群;19~40岁和41~60岁两个年龄段的白内障患病人群在2018年—2023年中构成比逐渐上升,19~40岁的白内障患者构成比由2018年的0.2%上升至2023年的2.4%;41~60岁的白内障患者构成比由2018年的11.2%上升至2023年的20.8%。在性别分布方面的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.001),女性患者的构成比在各个年份均高于男性患者。各年份术前眼压为(17.210±2.681)mmHg,而术后一天的眼压为(18.230±4.311)mmHg。结论 本研究揭示了2018年1月—2023年12月唐山市某眼科医院白内障手术患者的基本情况及流行病学特征,研究结果提示老年、女性群体可能更易患白内障。白内障作为择期手术,公共卫生防控措施或策略是影响白内障患者就诊就医的重要原因。

Objective This study aims to deeply analyze the epidemiological data of cataract surgery patients in a Tangshan eye hospital from^(2)018 to 2023, in order to reveal the epidemiological distribution characteristics of cataract surgery patients in the area. Methods Patients diagnosed with cataract from January 2018 to December 2023 in an eye hospital in Tangshan were retrospectively collected. The number and constituent ratio of patients in different age groups were counted, the constituent differences in the distribution of cataract surgery patients in the year of visit, age and gender, the changes in visual acuity and intraocular pressure before and after surgery were analyzed, and the epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing cataract surgery in the hospital from^(2)018 to 2023 were analyzed. Results From a year perspective, the number of surgeries was the highest in 2018(816), the total number of surgeries(person-times) from^(2)018 to 2023 showed a downward trend, with the lowest number of surgeries in 2021(379), and the number of surgeries increased since then, reaching 620 in 2023. The main reason for the decline in the total number of cataract surgery patients in the hospital in 2020 and 2021 was the launch of the level-1 response to major public health emergencies in China on January 23, 2020, suggesting that this phenomenon may be related to the reduction in the number of patients and the number of tests caused by the strict prevention and control measures in 2020. And with the increase of age, the composition ratio gradually increases. The proportion of cataract patients aged 61-75 and 76 and above is the main group, the proportion of cataract patients aged 19-40 and 41-60 years old has gradually increased from^(2)018 to 2023, the proportion of cataract patients aged 19-40 years has increased from 0.2% in 2018 to 2.4% in 2023, and the proportion of cataract patients aged 41-60 years has increased from 11.2% in 2018 to 20.8% in 2023. There was a statistically significant difference in gender distribution(P<0.001), and the composition ratio of female patients was higher than that of male patients in all years. The intraocular pressure was(17.210±2.681) mmHg in each year and(18.230±4.311) on the postoperative day. Conclusion This study revealed the basic situation and epidemiological characteristics of patients undergoing cataract surgery in an eye hospital in Tangshan from January 2018 to December 2023. The findings suggest that older, female groups may be more susceptible to cataracts. In addition, as elective surgery, public health prevention and control measures or strategies are important reasons affecting cataract patients' medical treatment.