71份广西豌豆地方种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of agronomic traits in 71 local pea germplasms in Guangxi

【目的】分析广西豌豆地方种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性并筛选优异种质,为其高效利用提供参考依据。【方法】以71份广西豌豆地方种质资源为材料,测定其农艺性状(10个质量性状和16个数量性状),分析其遗传变异情况,并进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】10个质量性状的变异系数变化范围为13.07%~47.71%,平均29.16%,所有质量性状变异系数均大于10.00%;遗传多样性指数变化范围为0.13~1.26,平均值为0.62。16个数量性状变异系数变化范围为5.78%~61.75%,平均24.07%,多数性状变异系数大于10.00%;遗传多样性指数变化范围为1.73~2.07,平均1.93。相关性分析结果表明,在26个农艺性状中,大部分性状间存在不同程度的相关性。主成分分析表明,26个农艺性状前7个主成分的累计贡献率为75.621%,主要与生育期、产量、籽粒外观、株型、荚果外观有关。聚类分析结果表明,71份广西豌豆地方种质资源主要分为2个类群(I类群和Ⅱ类群),其中I类群又分为2个次级类群(Ia和Ib类群),Ia类群属于高秆、蔓生、迟熟、较高产、较抗白粉病的材料,Ib类群属于荚较多且较大,产量较高,籽粒较小,较感白粉病的材料,Ⅱ类群属于较早熟,矮秆,直立,长荚,产量较低,较感白粉病的材料。筛选出14份具有优异农艺性状的豌豆种质资源,其中,2、40、61和67号高产、抗白粉病、综合性状较优异的种质可直接推广应用;3、5、14、15、41、57、59、66、68和71号具有某个(些)优异农艺性状的种质可作为后续创制豌豆优良新种质的亲本。【结论】71份广西豌豆地方种质资源农艺性状遗传多样性较丰富,具有分枝多、节数多、果荚较长、籽粒较多且大的特点。

[Objective]The genetic diversity of agronomic traits in local pea germplasms in Guangxi was analyzed for obtaining excellent re-sources and providing theoretical basis for their efficient utilization.[Method]A total of 71 local pea germplasms in Guangxi were used as ex-perimental materials,and their agronomic traits(10 quality traits and 16 quantitative traits)were determined,and their genetic variation was analyzed,and correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis were carried out.[Result]The variation range of the coefficient of variation for 10 quality traits was 13.07%-47.71%,and the average was 29.16%,and the coefficient of variation for all quality traits was greater than 10.00%.The range of genetic diversity index was 0.13-1.26,and the average was 0.62.The variation range of the coefficient of variation for 16 quantitative traits was 5.78%-61.75%,and the average was 24.07%,and the coefficient of variation for most traits was greater than 10.00%.The range of genetic diversity index variation was 1.73-2.07,and the average was 1.93.Correlation analysis showed that most of the 26 agronomic traits had varying degrees of correlation with each other.Principal compo-nent analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 principal components of 26 personality traits was 75.621%,which was mainly related to growth period,yield,grain appearance,plant type and pod appearance.Cluster analysis showed that 71 local pea germplasms in Guangxi were mainly divided into two groups(group I and group II),and Group I was further divided into two secondary groups(Ia and Ib).Germplasms in group la had the characteristics of high stem,creeping,late maturing,higher yield and higher resistance to powdery mildew.Germplasms in group Ib had the characteristics of more and larger pods,higher yield,smaller grains and higher suscepti-bility to powdery mildew.Germplasms in group II had the characteristics of earlier maturity,shorter stem,upright,long pods,lower yield and higher susceptibility to powdery mildew.Fourteen germplasms with excellent traits were screened out,and germplasms 2,40,61 and 67,with high yield and comprehensive resistance to powdery mildew,could be directly promoted and applied.Germplasms with certain ex-cellent agronomic traits such as 5,14,15,41,57,59,66,68 and 71 could be used as parents for the subsequent creation of excellent new pea germplasm.[Conclusion]The 71 local pea germplasms in Guangxi have rich genetic diversity in agronomic traits,and they have the char-acteristics of multiple branches,nodes,longer pods,and more and larger grains.