广东省耕地利用类型时空演变及其驱动机制研究

Spatial and temporal evolution of cultivated land use types in Guangdong province and its driving mechanism

【目的】细化耕地利用类型,探究耕地利用类型时空演变规律及其驱动机制,为国家优化耕地资源利用,保障粮食安全提供参考依据。【方法】结合耕地利用状态,将广东省耕地利用分为水田、旱地和撂荒地3种类型,采用土地利用动态度、标准椭圆差模型、地理探测器等多种方法,从时间、空间、结构3个角度研究广东省长时序耕地利用类型的时空变化,探讨其时空演变规律及其背后驱动机制,明晰不同耕地利用类型的变化特征。【结果】(1)广东省近30年耕地利用类型在时空变化和内部结构发生显著变化,水田、旱地、撂荒地分布具有空间集聚特点,主要集中在耕地分布广泛但经济欠发达的广东省西雷州半岛丘陵台、广东省西南丘陵以及广东省中南丘陵等部分地区。耕地重心呈现“U字型”的移动轨迹,整体向西南方向移动;(2)旱地转水田和旱地转撂荒地是最显著的变化特征,这些变化普遍聚集在耕地分布广泛但经济欠发达的广东省西南丘陵和雷州半岛丘陵台地区。(3)广东省耕地利用类型面积变化是基于自然环境,受社会、经济、农业发展等因素影响的结果。农业化肥施用量、农药使用量、第一产业劳动力是3种耕地利用类型面积变化的主要驱动因子。农业生产总值、人均农业生产总值、第一产业增加值、人均耕地面积、粮食产量、农业机械总动力等经济和农业因素对水田、旱地、撂荒地面积变化的驱动力逐年上升。【结论】广东省水田、旱地和撂荒地在时空分布、地类转换及驱动机制上形成不同的演变格局,应基于耕地利用类型分异格局展开耕地资源利用的优化重构。

[Objective]The study aimed to refine the types of cultivated land use,explore the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of culti-vated land use types and their driving mechanisms,and provide a reference for optimizing the utilization of cultivated land resources and en-suring national food security.[Method]Based on the state of cultivated land use,farmland in Guangdong province was categorized into three types:paddy fields,dry land and cropland abandonment.Employing multiple methods such as the dynamic degree of land use,standard el-lipse deviation model and geographical detectors,the study examined the spatiotemporal changes of long-term cultivated land use types in Guangdong province from three perspectives:time,space and structure.It explored the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and the underlying driving mechanisms,aiming to clarify the changing characteristics of different types of cultivated land use.[Result](i)Over the past 30 years,the types of cultivated land use in Guangdong province underwent significant changes in their spatiotemporal distribution and internal structure.Paddy fields,dry land and cropland abandonment demonstrated spatial agglomeration characteristics,primarily concentrated in ar-eas with extensive cultivated land distribution but less developed economies,such as the Leizhou Peninsula hilly platform in westerm Guang-dong,the southwestern Guangdong hills,and the central and southern Guangdong hills.The centroid of cultivated land exhibited a'U-shaped'migration trajectory,moving southwestward overall.(i)The most significant changes were the conversion of dry land to paddy fields and dry land to cropland abandonment.These changes predominantly clustered in the southwestern Guangdong hills and the Leizhou Peninsula hilly plaform,regions with extensive cultivated land distribution but underdeveloped economies.(ii)The area changes in culti-vated land use types in Guangdong province were based on the natural environment and influenced by social,economic,and agricultural de-velopment factors.The primary driving factors for the area changes of the three types of cultivated land use were the amount of chemical fertil-izer applied,the amount of pesticide used,and the labor force in the primary industry.Economic and agricultural factors such as agricultural gross output value,agricultural gross output value per capita,added value of the primary industry,cultivated land area per capita,grain yield,and total power of agricultural machinery have shown an increasing drive for changes in the areas of paddy fields,dry land,and fallow land year by year.[Conclusion]The spatiotemporal distribution,land type conversion,and driving mechanisms of paddy fields,dryland,and cropland abandonment in Guangdong province have formed distinct evolutionary patterns.The optimization and reconstruction of cultivat-ed land resources should be carried out based on the differentiation patterns of cultivated land use types.