氧化锌矿石浮选技术研究进展

Research Progress in Flotation Technology of Zinc Oxide Ore

我国锌矿资源丰富,但易选硫化锌矿床的日渐减少,难选氧化锌矿的开发和利用成为当前亟待解决的问题。由于氧化锌矿石具有氧化率高、矿物组成和结构复杂、矿泥含量大等特点,使其浮选面临难度大,开发成本高,导致资源利用率偏低等诸多挑战。本文系统地综述了氧化锌矿浮选工艺及药剂的研究进展,分析了硫化-胺浮选、硫化-黄药浮选、脂肪酸类浮选、螯合浮选、絮凝浮选等不同浮选工艺的适用性与局限性,介绍了分级浮选、高熵活化浮选、脱水浮选等新型浮选工艺的研究进展,论述了近年来国内外开发的氧化锌矿浮选捕收剂、硫化剂、活化剂、抑制剂、絮凝剂作用机理及应用现状。未来,氧化锌矿浮选技术的发展方向将主要集中在两个方面:首先,通过创新浮选工艺克服现有技术的局限性,提高氧化锌矿的回收率与处理效率;其次,加深对高效浮选药剂的研究,特别是针对选择性捕收剂、活化剂、抑制剂和絮凝剂的性能优化,以进一步降低浮选成本,提升氧化锌矿资源的开发利用效率。

China is rich in zinc ore resource,but the depletion of easily floatable sulfide zinc deposits has made the development and utilization of difficult-to-float oxidized zinc ores a pressing issue.Due to the high oxidation rate,complex mineral composition and structure,and high fine-mud content of oxidized zinc ore,flotation faces significant challenge,including high processing costs and low resource utilization efficiency.This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the flotation processes and reagents for oxidized zinc ore,analyzing the applicability and limitations of various flotation methods,such as sulfide amine flotation,sulfide xanthate flotation,fatty acid flotation,chelation flotation,and flocculation flotation.Additionally,the paper introduces advancements in novel flotation technique,such as staged flotation,high-entropy activation flotation,and dehydration flotation,and discusses the mechanism and application status of collector,sulfurizer,activator,depressant,and flocculants developed domestically and internationally in recent years.Future developments in oxidized zinc ore flotation technology will focus primarily on two areas:firstly,overcoming the limitations of existing techniques through innovative flotation processes to enhance recoveries and processing efficiency,and secondly,deepening research on highly efficient flotation reagent,particularly the optimization of selective collector,activator,depressant,and flocculant,to further reduce flotation costs and improve the development and utilization of oxidized zinc ore resources.