化肥有机替代对‘和田沙漠’玫瑰花量与品质的影响

Effects of Organic Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer on Quantity and Quality of Rosa rugosa‘Hetianshamo’

为了推动玫瑰种植领域化肥的有机替代,促进玫瑰产业的绿色健康发展,以‘和田沙漠’玫瑰为试材,全施化肥为对照,探讨不同有机肥种类、不同肥量替代化肥处理对玫瑰产花量、鲜花品质、干花蕾品质的影响。结果表明,与全施化肥处理(P750)相比,生物有机肥部分替代化肥处理(P250H500)、全施生物有机肥处理(2H500A500)单枝花朵数分别显著增加了89.2%和37.9%;全施农家有机肥处理(N45000)单花鲜重、单花干重以及精油产率均显著高于其他处理,其中鲜花精油产率较全施化肥处理(P750)增加206.98%,香茅醇等8种香气成分相对含量以及干花蕾中铜(4.81 mg·kg-1)、丙氨酸[0.38 g·(100 g)-1]、异亮氨酸[0.28 g·(100 g)-1]含量均高于其他处理,生物有机肥部分替代化肥处理(P250H500)中石竹烯(0.51%)、二十烷(0.59%)和二十一烷(1.63%)等3种香气成分相对含量以及干花蕾中锌(21.9 mg·kg-1)、总黄酮[4.19 g·(100 g)-1]、多酚(134 mg·g-1)、蛋白质[12 g·(100 g)-1]、粗纤维(14.6%)、维生素C[12.5 mg·(100 g)-1]和氨基酸总含量[7.61 g·(100 g)-1]最高,全施生物有机肥处理初花期花径以及干花蕾中矿物质元素总含量均高于其他处理。综合价值评定得出,全施农家有机肥处理>生物有机肥部分替代化肥处理>全施生物有机肥处理>全施化肥处理,建议生产中减少化肥施用,推广有机肥替代化肥施肥技术,实现节肥增效目标。

In order to promote the organic substitution of chemical fertilizers in the field of rose planting and promote the green and healthy development of rose industry,Rosa rugosa‘Hetianshamo’was used as the test material,and the full application of chemical fertilizers was used as the control.The effects of different organic fertilizer types and fertilizer amounts on the yield,fresh flower quality and dry flower bud quality of Rosa rugosa‘Hetianshamo’were discussed.The results showed that compared with the full application of chemical fertilizer treatment(P750),the number of flowers per branch of the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer treatment(P250H500)and the full application of biological organic fertilizer treatment(2H500A500)increased significantly by 89.2%and 37.9%,respectively.The fresh weight,dry weight and essential oil yield of single flower in the treatment of full application of farm manure(N45000)were significantly higher than those in other treatments.And the essential oil yield of fresh flowers increased by 206.98%compared with that of full application of chemical fertilizer(P750).The relative contents of eight aroma components such as citronellol and the contents of copper(4.81 mg·kg-1),alanine[0.38 g·(100 g)-1]and isoleucine[0.28 g·(100 g)-1]in dry buds were higher than those in other treatments.The relative contents of caryophyllene(0.51%),eicosane(0.59%)and heneicosane(1.63%),as well as the contents of zinc(21.9 mg·kg-1),total flavonoids[4.19 g·(100 g)-1],polyphenols(134 mg·g-1),protein[12 g·(100 g)-1],crude fiber(14.6%),vitamin C[12.5 mg·(100 g)-1]and total amino acids[7.61 g·(100 g)-1]were the highest in the treatment of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer.The total content of mineral elements in the flower diameter and dry bud of the full application of bio-organic fertilizer was higher than that of the other treatments.The comprehensive value evaluation showed that the full application of farm organic fertilizer treatment>partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer treatment>full application of bio-organic fertilizer treatment>full application of chemical fertilizer treatment.It is suggested to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer in production,promote the technology of organic replacement of chemical fertilizer fertilization,and achieve the goal of saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency.