老年人牙齿缺失与日常生活活动能力受限的相关性:基于CLHLS数据的实证分析

The correlation between tooth loss in the elderly and restricted activities of daily living:an empirical analysis based on CLHLS data

目的 探究我国老年人牙齿缺失与日常生活活动能力受限之间的关联,为提高老年生活质量提供依据。方法 基于中国老年健康影响因素追踪调查(CLHLS)中2011年和2014年的调查数据,开展回顾性队列研究。以缺牙数目为自变量,以是否出现日常生活活动能力受限为因变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年人牙齿缺失与日常生活活动能力受限的关系;构建惩罚样条广义相加模型,探究二者之间是否存在非线性关联。结果 2011年调查共纳入8 310名研究对象,多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明:相较于缺牙0~8颗的受访者,缺牙9~27颗和28颗者出现日常生活活动能力受限的风险增加(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.01~1.49;OR=1.49,95%CI=1.22~1.83)。2014年调查共纳入4 240名研究对象,其结果与2011年调查结果一致。惩罚样条广义相加模型分析提示,老年人的缺牙数与日常生活活动能力受限的发生风险呈线性相关。结论 缺牙数量与老年人日常生活活动能力受限显著相关,缺牙数量过多可能是日常生活活动能力受限的危险因素之一。

Objective To investigate the association between tooth loss and limited activities of daily life among elderly people in China,and to provide scientific basis for improving their life quality.Methods This study utilized data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)collected in 2011 and 2014 to conduct a retrospective cohort study.The number of missing teeth was considered the independent variable,while the presence or absence of limitations in activities of daily living ADL served as the dependent variable.A multivariable Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationship between tooth loss and limited activities of daily life among elderly people.In addition,a penalized spline generalized additive model was constructed to investigate potential nonlinear associations between the two variables.Results The 2011 survey included a total of 8310 participants.The multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that compared to participants with 0 to 8 missing teeth,those with 9 to 27 missing teeth and those with 28 missing teeth had an increased risk of experiencing limitations in activities of daily living(OR=1.22,95%CI=1.01~1.49;OR=1.49,95%CI=1.22~1.83).The 2014 survey included a total of 4240 participants,and the results were consistent with those from the 2011 survey.The penalized spline generalized additive model analysis suggested a linear relationship between the number of missing teeth and the risk of limitations in activities of daily living among the elderly.Conclusions There is a significant association between the number of missing teeth and limitations in activities of daily living among the elderly,suggesting that having an excessive number of missing teeth may be one of the risk factors for limitations in daily living activities.