冶金固废提锌技术的发展现状与展望

Development Status and Prospect of Zinc Recovery Technology from Metallurgical Solid Waste

传统的固废直接送往铁前工艺循环,灰泥中的锌被直接引入高炉,不仅影响运行炉况,还会富集导致设备损坏和综合生产效率下降。因此,探索有效的提锌工艺,减少锌在高炉中的富集,对于提高钢铁生产的经济性和环保性具有重要意义。本文基于钢铁冶金灰泥提锌的化学反应和动力学、热力学特征,系统分析了包括回转窑法、转底炉法及多级浸出法等主要提锌工艺的特点及其适用性。现有传统工艺虽然具有一定的技术优势,但在实际应用中仍存在能耗高、操作复杂和环境影响大的问题,因而提出了优化反应器设计、引入预处理技术和智能化控制系统以及多工艺集成的改进措施,以提高综合效率。未来的冶金灰泥提锌技术将向更高效、环保和智能化的方向发展,推动钢铁行业的可持续发展。

The traditional solid waste is directly sent to the process cycle,and the zinc in the lime mud is directly introduced into the blast furnace,which not only affects the operation of the furnace,but also leads to the damage of the equipment and the decrease of the comprehensive production efficiency.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore effective zinc extraction process and reduce the enrichment of zinc in blast furnace for improving the economy and environmental protection of iron and steel production.Based on the chemical reaction,kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics of zinc extraction from iron and steel metallurgical lime mud,this paper systematically analyzed the characteristics and applicability of main zinc extraction processes including rotary kiln method,rotary hearth furnace method and multi-stage leaching method.Although the existing traditional process has certain technical advantages,there are still some problems in practical application,such as high energy consumption,complex operation and great environmental impact.Therefore,the improvement measures of optimizing reactor design,introducing pretreatment technology and intelligent control system and multi-process integration were put forward to improve the comprehensive efficiency.In the future,the technology of zinc extraction from metallurgical lime mud will develop in a more efficient,environmentally friendly and intelligent direction,and promote the sustainable development of the steel industry.