侵犯公民个人信息罪中“违反国家有关规定”的功能失灵与修复

The Function Failure and Repair of“Violating the Relevant National Regulations”in the Crime of Infringing Citizens'Personal Information

作为空白刑法规范,侵犯公民个人信息罪中的“违反国家有关规定”兼具参照功能与衔接功能,能够实现刑法与前置法的协调。然而,司法实务中,前述功能呈现失灵症状。体系定位不明与规范填补不清乃是症结所在。对于前者,客观构成要件要素说与违法阻却事由说片面关注单一功能的发挥因而难堪重用,复合机能说虽兼顾两大功能但存在难以消解的逻辑矛盾。构成要件的规范要素说既同时关照两大功能且逻辑自洽,为“违反国家有关规定”的功能重启扫清理论障碍。对于后者,构建以《个人信息保护法》为核心,以《个人信息保护法》中引致规范所指明的法律、行政法规以及国家网信部门规定等规范性文件为补充的辐辏式前置法规范群,充实“违反国家有关规定”的内涵,为其功能运行供给充足动力。

As a blank criminal law norm,“violating the relevant national regulations”in the crime of infringing citizens'personal information has both reference function and connecting function,which can realize the harmony between criminal law and other laws.However,in judicial practice,the functions fail to work.The unclear systematical location and unclear content are the crux of the problem.The theory of objective constitutive elements and the theory of elimination of misfeasance only pay attention to one single function.The theory of compound function balance two functions but brings a logical contradiction.The theory of normative elements of constitutive elements not only takes care of the two functions but also is logically self-consistent,which overtakes the theoretical obstacle for the function restarting.A pre-criminal norm group should be constructed,in which the Personal Information Protection Law is the core and the other relevant laws and administrative regulations and the normative documents led by the Personal Information Protection Law are the supplement.By clearing the content,“violating the relevant national regulations”gains substantive connotation,thus provide sufficient power to realize its functions.