新疆小麦品种(系)条锈病抗性与抗病基因分析

Evaluation of Stripe Rust Resistance and Analysis of Resistance Genes in Xinjiang Wheat Varieties(lines)

为明确115份新疆小麦品种(系)对当前条锈菌主要流行生理小种的抗性水平及抗条锈病基因的利用情况,选择CYR32、CYR34两个条锈菌生理小种对供试材料进行苗期鉴定,结合由CYR32、CYR33、CYR34、水源致病类群(Su11-4、Su11-5)、贵农22致病类群(G22-14)构成的条锈菌混合菌种进行成株期抗性鉴定。同时,利用Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67等9个已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记对115个小麦品种(系)进行抗病基因检测。结果表明,在苗期和成株期分别有63个(占54.78%)和60个(占52.17%)品种(系)对条锈菌生理小种具有中抗及以上水平抗性,其中拉瓦得朗、新春28号表现为全生育期抗性。从品种(系)来源来看,供试材料综合抗性表现为自育品种(系)>引进品种(系)>地方品种。经分子标记检测,供试小麦材料中携带Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr65、Yr67的品种(系)分别有20个(17.39%)、104个(90.43%)、92个(80.00%)、114个(99.13%)和25个(21.74%),所有材料中均未检测到Yr5、Yr9、Yr15、Yr48基因。由此可见,115份供试小麦品种(系)具有较高的抗条锈病水平,筛选出的60份表现稳定抗性的小麦种质可作为亲本资源在培育小麦持久抗病品种研究中加以利用。

Clarifying the resistance levels of 115 Xinjiang wheat varieties(lines)to the main prevalent physiological races of stripe rust and the utilization of resistance genes against stripe rust will provide theoretical basis and technical support for wheat disease resistance breeding research.In this study,CYR32 and CYR34 physiological races were selected for seedling identification of the tested materials.The resistance of the mixed strains of Puccinia striiformis composed of CYR32,CYR33,CYR34 races,water pathogenic groups(Su11-4,Su11-5)and Guinong 22 pathogenic group(G22-14)was identified at adult stage.The resistance genes of the 115 wheat varieties(lines)were detected using the molecular markers of nine known stripe rust resistance genes,such as Yr5,Yr9,Yr10,Yr15,Yr17,Yr18,Yr48,Yr65,and Yr67.The results of phenotypic identification showed that 63(54.78%)and 60(52.17%)varieties(lines)were moderately resistant to physiological races of Puccinia striiformis at seedling stage and adult stage,respectively,among which Lawadelang and Xinchun 28 showed resistance in the whole growth period.From the source of varieties(lines),the comprehensive resistance of the tested materials ranked as self-bred varieties(lines)>introduced varieties(lines)>landraces.The results of molecular detection showed that there were 20(17.39%),104(90.43%),92(80.00%),114(99.13%)and 25(21.74%)varieties(lines)carrying Yr10,Yr17,Yr18,Yr65,and Yr67,respectively.Yr5,Yr9,Yr15 and Yr48 genes were not detected in all materials.The results showed that the 115 wheat varieties(lines)tested had a high level of resistance to stripe rust,and 60 wheat germplasms with stable resistance were screened,which can be used as parental resources in breeding research,and provide reference for cultivating wheat varieties(lines)with durable resistance.