锂云母选矿及提锂进展综述

A Review on Beneficiation and Lithium Extraction of Lepidolite

锂云母提锂对全球锂盐供应具有重要的作用。文中综述了锂云母的物理选矿富集以及从锂云母精矿化学提取碳酸锂的方法。锂云母选矿以浮选法为主,常规阳离子捕收剂对捕收条件要求严格,需研究新型阳离子捕收剂、不同阴离子捕收剂的组合捕收以提高捕收效率。锂云母化学提锂中硫酸盐焙烧法是目前提锂最成熟的方法,石灰石焙烧法由于其耗能大、成本高被市场淘汰;硫酸法浸出率高,但处理废液需大量碱中和;氯化焙烧法和压煮法对设备要求高,工艺操作性差。展望未来,下一步锂云母提锂技术应着重于强化有价金属提取,生产高附加值产品,锂渣的高值消纳以及伴生资源综合利用。

Lithium extraction from lepidolite plays a non−negligible role in the global supply of lithium salts.The paper reviews the physical beneficiation enrichment of lepidolite and the method of chemical extraction of lithium carbonate from lepidolite concentrate.The primary method of lepidolite beneficiation enrichment is flotation,conventional cationic collectors have strict requirements for the collecting environment,and it is necessary to carry out research on new cationic collectors and combine different anionic collectors to improve the collecting efficiency.Among the chemical methods for extracting lithium from lepidolite,sulfate roasting is currently the most mature method.The limestone roasting method has been phased out by the market due to its high energy consumption and cost;the sulfuric acid method has a high leaching rate,but it requires a large amount of alkali for waste liquid neutralization;the chlorination roasting method and the pressure boiling method have high equipment requirements,leading to poor process operability.Looking forward,the next generation technology of lithium extraction from lepidolite should focus on enhancing the extraction of valuable metals,producing high value−added products,high−value disposition of lithium slag and comprehensive utilization of associated resources.