“十七年”文学批评历史经验的多维反思

A Multidimensional Analysis of Literary Criticism during China’s“Seventeen Years”Period(1949-1966)

20世纪的中国文学批评始终置身于现代民族国家建立与发展的文化语境中,批评主题由思想启蒙走向阶级启蒙,左翼文学理论话语逐渐发展为批评界的主流话语,形成以毛泽东文艺思想为核心的革命文学理论体系,为当代文学理论与批评规范和秩序的建立奠定了思想基础。“十七年”文学批评在走向一体化的文学格局中进行着艰难的审美探索,不断建构自身的批评话语体系,呈现出现代性、对话性与人民性的共同特征。“十七年”文学批评尽管因左倾路线不断被干扰,但毕竟在创建中国特色的文学批评体系过程中积累了丰富的经验,文艺创作与批评的人民性导向始终是社会主义文艺思想体系的核心内容。

This paper examines the evolution of Chinese literary criticism during the“Seventeen Years”period(1949-1966)within the broader context of 20th-century nation-building.It traces the shift in critical focus from ideological to class-based enlightenment,highlighting the emergence of left-wing literary discourse as the dominant critical paradigm.The study argues that this period saw the development of a revolutionary literary theory system centered on Mao Zedong’s thoughts on literature and art,which laid the groundwork for contemporary Chinese literary theory and criticism.The research identifies three key characteristics of literary criticism during this era:modernity,dialogic nature,and affinity with the masses.Despite the challenges posed by political leftism,this period witnessed significant efforts to construct a uniquely Chinese system of literary criticism.The paper contends that these efforts,though sometimes fraught,yielded valuable experiences in developing a distinctively Chinese approach to literary analysis.Central to this study is the exploration of the people-oriented focus in literary creation and criticism,which is posited as the core tenet of the socialist literary and artistic ideology.