我们究竟需要什么样的技术观

What Kind of Technology Perspective Do We Really Need

技术工具论是一种社会大众广为接受的技术观,也是当前教育中的主流技术观。工具论是主客二元认识论的产物,它强调技术功能,把技术看作一种价值中立的工具,但忽视了人和教育情境的因素。技术工具论的膨胀会消解教育活动的复杂性,引发教育活动的程序化,导致教育技术应用的低效。哲学研究范式的实践转向产生了新的技术观,实践理论阐述了人的实践具有日常性、关系性、过程性和微观性的特征,并能揭示教育技术“实际上是怎么样的”。教育技术实践观有助于我们展示“人—技术—教育”的教育技术关系,以及情境化、动态性和创造性的教育技术实践过程,从而能打开教育技术实践的黑箱。教育技术实践观能助力实现教育数字化转型逻辑转变,关注微观层面的教育技术活动,打通教育数字化转型的“最后一公里”,从而赋能教育和人的全面发展,有助于探索中国式教育数字化转型之路。

The instrumental view of technology is a widely accepted perspective in society and is also the mainstream view in current education.Instrumentalism is a product of the subject-object dualistic epistemology,which emphasizes the function of technology and regards it as a value-neutral tool,but overlooks the function of people and educational contexts.The expansion of technological instrumentalism can dissolve the complexity of educational activities,triggers the proceduralization of educational activities,and lead to the inefficiency in the application of educational technology.The practical turn in philosophical research paradigms has given rise to a new perspective of technology,in which practice theory elaborates on the daily,relational,processual,and microcosmic characteristics of human practice,and can reveal"what educational technology is actually like".The practical view of educational technology helps us to demonstrate the"human-technology-education"relationship in educational technology,as well as the contextualized,dynamic,and creative practice process of educational technology,thereby opening the black box of the practice of educational technology.The practical view of educational technology can facilitate the logical transformation of digital transformation in education,focus on the micro-level activities of educational technology,and open up the"last kilometer"of digital transformation of education,thus empowering the comprehensive development of education and individuals,and helping to explore the path of Chinese-style digital transformation in education.