老年慢性呼吸系统疾病人群流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗接种专家共识(2024)

Expert consensus on influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccination in elderly people with chronic respiratory diseases(2024)

慢性呼吸系统疾病由于发病率高、致残率高、预后差,对人群的健康构成严峻挑战,改善慢性呼吸系统疾病的防治现状尤为迫切。流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗接种已被证实可减少慢性呼吸系统疾病人群发生呼吸道感染的风险,降低住院率和死亡率,减轻疾病负担。但公众对流感和肺炎球菌疫苗认识不足,医务人员重视度低等原因,我国老年慢性呼吸系统疾病人群流感和肺炎球菌疫苗实际接种率普遍较低。本共识基于国内外现有的研究证据,介绍了老年慢性呼吸系统疾病人群罹患流感和肺炎球菌性疾病的疾病负担、接种上述疫苗的保护效果和安全性、疫苗接种建议等内容,旨在推动老年慢性呼吸系统疾病人群疫苗接种工作,更好地发挥疫苗预防流感和肺炎球菌性疾病的作用,减少慢性呼吸系统疾病人群发生呼吸道感染及相关严重并发症。

Chronic respiratory diseases pose a serious threat to the health of the population due to their high incidence,high disability rate and poor prognosis.It is necessary to improve the prevention and treatment status of chronic respiratory diseases.Vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infections can reduce the risk of respiratory infections,lower hospitalization and mortality rates,and alleviate disease burden in individuals with chronic respiratory diseases.However,insufficient public awareness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine and the lack of recommendation by medical personnel have led to the low actual vaccination rate of influenza and pneumococcal vaccine in elderly people with chronic respiratory diseases in China.Based on existing research evidence both domestically and internationally,this consensus describes the burden of influenza and pneumococcal diseases in elderly people with chronic respiratory diseases,the protective effects and safety of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines,and vaccination recommendations,aiming to promote the vaccination rate of elderly people with chronic respiratory diseases,better play the role of vaccines in preventing influenza and pneumococcal diseases,and reduce the occurrence of respiratory infections and related serious complications in the population with chronic respiratory diseases.