儿童睾丸异位症的诊疗现状

Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of testicular ectopia in children

睾丸异位症指睾丸在下降过程中发生了异常的迁移,是隐睾的一种类型。睾丸异位症的发病机制暂未明确,目前认为与遗传因素、胰岛素样激素、雄激素、生殖股神经、降钙素基因相关肽及引带的发育有关。睾丸异位症一旦发现,为延缓患儿患侧睾丸的退化及患侧睾丸的癌变进程,应积极行手术治疗。本综述就睾丸异位症的定义、分类、发病机制、合并疾病及诊疗现状作一综述。

Testicular ectopia refers to an abnormal migration of the testis during descent,and is a type of cryptorchidism.The pathogenesis of testicular ectopia is not clear yet,and is currently thought to be related to genetic factors,insulin-like hormones,androgens,genitofemoral nerves,calcitonin gene-related peptides,and the development of the leading zones.Once testicular ectopia is detected,it should be treated surgically in order to slow down the degeneration of the affected testis and the cancerous process of the affected testis.In this review,the definition,classification,pathogenesis,co-morbidities and current status of testicular ectopia are reviewed.