广西壮族自治区2013—2022年新发职业性尘肺病流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022

目的分析广西壮族自治区2013—2022年新发职业性尘肺病(以下简称“尘肺病”)的分布特征。方法收集广西壮族自治区2013—2022年报告的新发尘肺病病例资料,采用描述性分析方法进行流行病学特征分析。结果广西壮族自治区2013—2022年共报告972例新发尘肺病病例;除云母尘肺外,其余12种尘肺病均有报告。病例以男性为主,占97.0%;诊断年龄在40~<60岁者占77.4%,粉尘接触工龄<30年者占96.4%。病例数量以矽肺最多,其次为煤工尘肺,分别占64.6%和27.9%。尘肺病壹期、贰期、叁期病例分别占77.7%、14.9%和7.4%。地区分布以河池市多见,占51.9%。行业分布多见于有色金属矿采选业、煤炭开采和洗选业,共占64.9%。企业分布以私营企业和中小型企业为主,分别占53.7%和76.6%。工种以采煤工和凿岩工多见,共占47.7%。结论广西壮族自治区新发尘肺病在病种、地区、企业特征和工种分布等方面具有一定的聚集性。应加强对重点地区、重点行业的中小型私营企业的尘肺病防治工作,特别是优先对40岁以上、粉尘作业工龄30年以下劳动者采取预防措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of new occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as"pneumoconiosis")in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022.Methods Data of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022 were collected,and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive analysis method.Results A total of 972 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022.Except for mica pneumoconiosis,12 other types of pneumoconiosis were reported.Most of the cases were males,accounting for 97.0%.The diagnosis age of the cases of 40-<60years old accounted for 77.4%,and the dust exposure age<30 years of the cases accounted for 96.4%.Silicosis was the most common type of pneumoconiosis,followed by coal workers'pneumoconiosis,accounting for 64.6%and 27.9%,respectively.The cases of stageⅠ,ⅡandⅢpneumoconiosis accounted for 77.7%,14.9%and 7.4%,respectively.The regional distribution was mostly in Hechi City,accounting for 51.9%.Industry distribution was more common in non-ferrous metal mining,coal mining and washing industry,accounting for 64.9%in total.Most cases were reported in private enterprises and small to medium-sized enterprises,accounting for 53.7%and 76.6%respectively.The most common occupations were coal miners and drillers,accounting for 47.7%in total.Conclusion Newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region show certain clustering characteristics in terms of disease type,region,enterprise characteristics,and occupation distribution.The prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in small and medium-sized private enterprises in key areas and key industries should be strengthened,especially for workers over 40 years old and with less than 30 years of dust exposure.