侵彻战斗部壳体用超高强度钢的研发评述

A review on research and development of ultrahigh strength steels for penetrating warhead shells

侵彻战斗部壳体用材料要求高的强度和韧性,有着低成本、优异强韧性的超高强度钢成为侵彻战斗部壳体的首选材料。首先综述了该类材料的典型钢种、成分、性能和发展历程,重点阐述了典型超高强度钢的强韧化机制,探究了其对材料的性能需求。接着介绍了低合金超高强度钢与二次硬化超高强度钢的强韧化机制,“多相、亚稳、多尺度”组织调控,纳米复合沉淀等强韧化方法和机制,分析了该类材料的研发难点。最后探讨了高纯净度、高组织均匀度、多相组织调控和低成本的发展方向。

The materials used for penetrating warhead shells require high strength and toughness.Ultrahigh strength steel with low cost and excellent toughness has become the preferred material for penetrating warhead shells.The typical steel grades,composition,properties and development history of these materials were firstly reviewed,the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of typical ultrahigh strength steels were focused on and the need for performance of the materials was explored.Then,strengthening and toughening mechanisms of lowalloy ultrahigh strength steel and secondary hardening ultrahigh strength steel,“multiphase,metastable,multiscale”microstructure and nanocomposite precipitation were introduced,and the difficulties in the development of these materials were analyzed.Finally,the development directions of high purity,high microstructure uniformity,multiphase microstructure control and low cost were discussed.