一种新型竖井式省水船闸输水系统三维数值模拟研究

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Water Conveyance System of new Vertical Shaft-type Water-saving Lock

在水资源匮乏的通航河流上,农业灌溉、发电和航运三者用水矛盾突出,如何节约船闸运行时的耗水量是新建和扩建船闸迫切需要解决的问题。该文提出了一种新型零耗水船闸输水系统,利用充气后的气囊在竖井内上下运动来调节井内水体体积,实现竖井与闸室之间互相灌泄水。以某船闸工程为依托,该文采用数值模拟方法分析了该新型输水系统灌泄水过程中闸室内的水力特性。研究结果表明:在船闸快速灌水、泄水过程中,该输水系统等惯性输水过程能够实现闸室水位快速平稳升降,减小船舶所受的水流作用力,改善闸室泊稳条件;因闸室内水体无需与上下游水体交换,引航道内的水流流态不受船闸灌泄水影响,有利于船舶安全进出闸室。该研究成果为通航河流与运河中的省水船闸设计提供了新思路。

The contradiction of water consumption for agricultural irrigation,power generation and shipping is prominent on navigable rivers which water resources are scarce.Saving water consumption during the operation of locks is an urgent problem for new and expanded locks.In this paper,a new type of water consumption free ship lock water conveyance system is invented.The system regulates the volume of water in the well by utilizing an inflated airbag to move up and down in the shaft.It realizes the mutual filling and draining of water between the shaft and the gate chamber.Numerical simulation methods are used to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of the lock chamber during the flling and draining process of the new water conveyance system based on a certain lock project.The research results indicate that the new equal inertia water conveyance system is beneficial for the stability of water body in the lock chamber during the water rapid conveyance process.It can also reduce the effect of water on ships and further improve the berthing conditions of the lock chamber.In addition,the water inside the lock chamber does not need to be exchanged with the upstream and downstream water bodies.Thus,the water flow pattern in the approach channel is not affected by the filling and draining of the lock,which is conducive to the safe entry and exit of ships into and out of the lock chamber.The results will provide new ideas for the design of water-saving locks in navigable rivers and canals.