高产油井关井条件下水击效应对井口压力波动影响研究

Study on Impact of Water Hammer Effect on Wellhead Pressure Fluctuations under Condition of Shutting-in High-yield Oil Wells

随着高压油井生产的常态化,在紧急关井工况下,水击效应对井口设备和管线安全带来更加严重的挑战。为了明确关井过程水击效应对井口安全的影响,该文基于多相流和管壁弹性力学理论,构建了关井过程瞬变流预测模型。同时,为验证模型准确性,该文结合大型采气工艺模拟试验井场,开展了试验条件下水击压力波动时间响应规律研究。最后,基于实例X井,确定了不同关井工况与水击压力波动的定量关系。研究结果表明:随着关井时间的逐渐缩短,水击压力的增加趋势呈慢-快-慢的规律;随着产量和含砂量的增加,关井时的水击压力同比增加;相较于常规关井,先快后慢的关井方式可减弱水击效应。该文为现场关井压力控制提供了理论依据。

With the normalization of high-pressure oil well production,the water hammer effect poses an even more serious challenge to the safety of wellhead equipment and pipelines during emergency well shut-in conditions.In order to clarify the impact of the water hammer effect on wellhead safety during the shut-in process,a transient flow prediction model for shut-in process is constructed in this paper,based on multiphase flow and pipe wall elastic mechanics theory.At the same time,in order to verify the accuracy of the model,a study on the time response of water hammer pressure fluctuations under experimental conditions is conducted in a large-scale gas production process simulation test well field.Finally,based on the case of well X,the quantitative relationship between different shut-in conditions and water hammer pressure fluctuations is determined.The results show that the water hammer pressure increases in a slow-fast-slow trend as the shut-in time decreases.The shut-in time should increase proportionally with the increase in production and sand content,and compared to conventional shut-in methods,the fast-slow shut-in method can weaken the water hammer effect.This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling shut-in time in the field.