太空环境中微重力与辐射对癌症影响的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of the effects of microgravity and radiation on cancer in space environment

太空环境对航天员健康具有特殊的影响,它提供了一个独特的压力源环境,例如微重力和空间辐射。虽然微重力对航天员的致癌风险仍不清楚,但对癌细胞有着独特的作用,包括导致多细胞球体形成、细胞骨架重排、黏附能力改变、侵袭增殖能力改变以及细胞凋亡等影响。此外,空间辐射会增加患癌的风险。该文重点关注微重力与辐射对常见癌症的影响,尤其是妇科癌症,目的是概述已开展的与癌症风险有关的研究,探寻癌症治疗及预防的新道路,并且对未来太空环境的癌症研究进行展望。

The space environment has a special impact on astronaut health,providing a unique environment of stressors such as microgravity and space radiation.Although the carcinogenic risk of microgravity for astronauts is still unknown,it has unique effects on cancer cells,including the formation of multicellular spheres,cytoskeletal rearrangement,changes in adhesion,invasion and proliferation,and apoptosis.In addition,space radiation increases the risk of cancer.This review focuses on the effects of microgravity and radiation on common cancers,particularly gynecological cancers,to provide an overview of existing research on cancer risk,explore new paths for cancer treatment and prevention,and look forward to future cancer research in the space environment.