放射性肾损伤病理机制的研究进展

Research progress on the pathological mechanism of radiation-induced kidney injury

电离辐射广泛应用于医学和工业等领域,如放射治疗和工业探伤等。肾脏是对辐射最敏感的组织之一,在腹部恶性肿瘤的放射治疗过程中会受到影响,造成临床及病理改变。肾脏是人体重要的器官,负责排泄代谢产物和有毒化学物质,维持水和电解质平衡、调节血压并促进红细胞生成。目前,放射性肾损伤的研究愈发得到重视,但其病理发生机制复杂且尚不完全清楚,且无有效的预防或治疗干预措施。该文将综述放射性肾损伤的组织病理学改变及其病理机制的研究进展,以更好地了解放射性肾损伤的发生发展,并为其早发现、早预防和早治疗提供参考依据。

Ionizing radiation is widely used in medical and industrial fields,such as radiotherapy and industrial radiography.The kidney is one of the most radiosensitive tissues and can be affected during radiotherapy for abdominal malignant tumors,causing clinical and pathological changes.The kidney is a vital organ in the human body,responsible for excreting metabolites and toxic chemicals,maintaining water balance and electrolyte balance,regulating blood pressure,and promoting erythropoiesis.At present,research on radiation-induced kidney injury is receiving increasing attention,but its pathological mechanism is complex and not fully clear,and there are no effective preventive or therapeutic interventions.This article reviews the research progress on histopathological changes and pathological mechanism of radiation-induced kidney injury,to better understand the occurrence and development of radiation-induced kidney injury,and provide reference for its early detection,prevention,and treatment.