考虑候机区拥挤的机场廊桥再分配优化研究

Airport boarding gates re-allocation considering congestion in terminal waiting areas

为缓解高峰时段机场候机厅内局地过度拥挤现象,对既有廊桥分配方案进行再优化,构建数学优化模型,以最小化各登机口候机区域客流密度最大值为目标,综合考虑停机位预分配方案、前后航班及相邻登机口航班时刻、候机厅面积等约束,在不影响廊桥利用率的前提下,优化候机区客流时空分布,避免因局地过度拥挤而诱增潜在的管理风险。鉴于模型的计算复杂性,运用遗传算法进行优化求解。实例计算结果显示:算法收敛性能良好;优化后候机区内局地的客流密度峰值下降近50%,候机厅资源利用均衡性明显改善,对应均方差指标降幅超过51%,表明所提方法实现了预期效果,可提升机场运行管理水平和服务质量。

To alleviate the local overcrowding in the airport terminal during peak periods,this paper proposes an optimized allocation plan for existing aerobridges.A mathematical optimization model is built to minimize the maximum passenger density in each boarding area.Various constraints,including pre-allocated parking positions,flight schedules of front and rear flights and adjacent gates,and the area of the terminal hall,are taken into consideration.Our objective is to optimize the spatial and temporal distribution of passenger flow in the boarding areas,avoiding potential management risks caused by local overcrowding without affecting the utilization rate of aerobridges.Due to the computational complexity of the model,a genetic algorithm is employed for optimization and solution.Our computational results show the algorithm delivers good convergence performances.After optimization,the peak passenger density in the boarding areas decreases by nearly 50%.The resource utilization balance in the terminal is markedly improved,as evidenced by a decrease of over 51%in the corresponding variance.This indicates our method achieves the expected results and enhances airports’operational management and services.