人性论与历史哲学的形而上学基础——以牟宗三哲学为例

The Theory of Human Nature and The Metaphysical Foundation of Historical Philosophy:A Case Study on Mou Zongsan's Philosophy

牟宗三将历史视作“理”在人之行事中的展开过程,因而人性论是历史哲学与形而上学的理论中介。“理”分为“实现之理”和“形构之理”,表现在人性结构中就是“综合的尽理精神”和“分析的尽理精神”,中国和西方的历史就是这两种理性的实现过程。经由“综合的尽理精神”,作为客观实践的中国历史表现为在“理性的超越运用”之下的德性政治,但缺乏“分析的尽理精神”所塑造的客观化政权和法律、科学。但是,在“实现之理”指引下的历史并不终结在西方,而是展现为无穷而新的行事过程。

Mou Zongsan regards history as the unfolding process of Principle in human conduct,making the theory of human nature a theoretical intermediary between historical philosophy and metaphysics."Principle"can be divided into the"Principle of actualization"and the"Principle of formation,"which are manifested in the structure of human nature as the"comprehensive rational spirit"and the"decomposition rational spirit."Chinese and Western history represent the realization processes of these two forms of rationality.Through the"comprehensive rational spirit",Chinese history,as objective practice,is manifested as a moral politics under the"transcendent application of ration,"but lacks the objectified political power,law,and science shaped by the"decomposition rational spirit."However,the history guided by the"Principle of actualization"does not culminate in the West but unfolds as an infinite and novel process of human conduct.