全球化转向中的跨国公司结构性演变及中国策略选择

Structural Evolution of Multinational Corporations in the Globalization Shift and China's Strategic Choices

跨国公司是经济全球化的重要推动力量。随着“超级全球化”时代的结束,跨国公司在全球产业链中的地位总体趋于规模稳定和结构优化“,南升北降”的特征日益显著,高端化和服务化成为主要趋势。在国内价值链中,中国境内跨国公司的“本地化”程度加深,高附加值特征日益显著,且在中国的布局出现分化。当前,受不确定、不稳定的国际环境影响,发达国家跨国公司行为策略转向保守,而发展中国家跨国公司成为新的全球化驱动力量,同时安全化、绿色化和数字化成为跨国公司发展的新方向。推动跨国公司融入国内国际双循环,一方面要通过营商环境建设、公平的分配机制、制度型开放、坚定在华投资信心等措施引导外国跨国公司融入国内大市场,另一方面要通过互利共赢的国际合作、利用国内国外两个市场、增强专业服务支持以及加强对国际规则的利用等助推中国跨国公司更加深入地嵌入全球价值链。

Transnational corporations are an important driving force for economic globalization.With the end of the era of"super globalization",the overall position of transnational corporations in the global industrial chain tends to be stable in scale and optimized in structure.The characteristic of"rising in the south and falling in the north"is becoming increasingly prominent,and high-end and service-oriented have become the main trends.In the domestic value chain,the degree of localization of trans⁃national corporations in China has deepened,and their high value-added characteristics are becoming increasingly prominent,with differentiation in their layout in China.Currently,influenced by the uncertain and unstable international environment,the behavior strategies of transnational corporations in developed countries have shifted towards conservatism,while transnational corporations in developing countries have become a new driving force for globalization.At the same time,security,greening,and digitization have become important directions for the development of transnational corporations.To promote the integration of transnational corporations into the domestic and international dual circulation,on the one hand,we need to promote the integra⁃tion of transnational corporations into the domestic market through measures such as building a business environment,fair distri⁃bution mechanisms,institutional openness,and strengthening investment confidence in China.On the other hand,we need to pro⁃mote the deeper integration of Chinese transnational corporations into the global value chain through mutually beneficial interna⁃tional cooperation,utilizing both domestic and foreign markets,enhancing professional service support,strengthening the utiliza⁃tion of international rules,and creating a favorable policy environment.