标准制度型开放对中国出口贸易的影响——基于技术标准协调的视角

The Impact of Standards Institutional Opening Up on China's Export Trade--Based on the Perspective of Technical Standards Harmonization

技术标准跨国协调是稳步扩大标准制度型开放的重要举措,是培育外贸新动能和巩固外贸基本盘的重要途径。本文构建包含异质性企业和采用内生技术标准的多国模型,在理论上分析技术标准协调通过成本互补效应和需求效应,促进出口扩张。在实证分析上使用双重差分方法,考察技术标准协调对中国出口贸易的影响。研究发现:技术标准协调促进中国出口规模扩张。进一步分析表明:认可国市场规模越大、参与标准协调的认可国数量越多,技术标准协调促进出口扩张的作用越强;测试、质量、测量和网络类型的标准协调能显著促进出口扩张;标准协调能提高企业出口产品的数量和价格,促使更多企业参与出口;标准协调产生企业选择效应,只有规模较大的企业采用协调统一的技术标准,并带动其出口扩张。

Cross-border harmonization of technical standards is an important measure to steadily expand the opening up of standards institutional,and an important way to cultivate new impetus for foreign trade and consolidate the basic foundation of foreign trade.This paper constructs a multicountry model that includes heterogeneous firms and adopts endogenous technical standards to theoretically analyze how technical standard coordination promotes export expansion through cost complementarity effects and demand effects.The DID method is used in the empirical analysis to examine the impact of technical standard harmo⁃nization on China's export trade.It is found that technical standard harmonization promotes the expansion of China's export scale.Further analysis shows that the larger the market size of the recognized countries and the greater the number of recognized countries involved in standards harmonization,the stronger the role of technical standards harmonization in promoting export ex⁃pansion.Harmonization of standards for testing,quality,measurement and network types significantly contributes to export ex⁃pansion.Standards harmonization can increase the quantity and price of products exported by firms,prompting more firms to par⁃ticipate in exporting.And standards harmonization produces a firm-selection effect,whereby only larger firms adopt harmonized technical standards and drive their export expansion.