中国式农业农村现代化:科学内涵、条件分析及实现途径

Chinese-Style Agricultural and Rural Modernization:Scientific Connotation,Condition Analysis,and Realization Approach

中国式农业农村现代化的建设,既有世界农业农村现代化的一般规律,更有中国特色内涵。本文通过界定中国式农业农村现代化建设的科学内涵,采用劳动生产率、土地生产率、农业增加值占GDP的比重、农业从业人员占比、城镇化率和农民受教育程度等评价指标体系,对比分析了世界发达国家农业农村现代化的基本特征;探讨了中国式农业农村现代化建设道路的基本特征及其与国外农业农村现代化的差异,结合中国建设农业农村现代化的基础条件和优劣势分析,找出中国与发达国家在农业农村现代化方面的主要差距和原因。鉴于对中国经济发展形势和农业农村现代化进程的分析,明确指出中国已经完全具备建设农业农村现代化的基础条件,到21世纪中叶之前,基本实现农业农村现代化的目标是完全可行的。但要完全实现这一目标,仍须立足国情,采取系统性、整体性和一致性战略,推进农业农村、城乡融合发展战略和实行分地区推进、分产业推进、分主体推进战略,不断完善建立组织保障、政策支撑、资金支持、人才支撑、法律支撑为核心的支撑保障体系,以稳步推动中国式农业农村现代化的发展。

The construction of agricultural and rural modernization in China not only follows the general patterns of global agricultural and rural modernization,but also embodies unique Chinese characteristics.By defining the scientific connotation of China's agricultural and rural modernization,using evaluation indicators such as labor productivity,land productivity,the propor⁃tion of agricultural added value in GDP,the proportion of agricultural workers,urbanization rate,and the educational level of farmers,this study compares and analyzes the basic features of agricultural and rural modernization in developed countries.It ex⁃plores the fundamental characteristics of China's agricultural and rural modernization path and its differences from international agricultural and rural modernization.By analyzing the foundational conditions,strengths,and weaknesses of China's agricultural and rural modernization efforts,the study identifies the main gaps and reasons for these gaps between China and developed coun⁃tries in this field.Based on an analysis of China's economic development situation and the progress of agricultural and rural mod⁃ernization,it is clearly pointed out that China already has the fundamental conditions needed to achieve agricultural and rural modernization.Achieving the goal of basic agricultural and rural modernization by the middle of the 21st century is entirely fea⁃sible.However,to fully realize this goal,China must consider its national conditions,adopt systematic,holistic,and consistent strategies,promote the integration of agricultural and rural development and urban-rural integration strategies,and implement region-specific,industry-specific and entity-specific promotion strategies.It is essential to continuously improve the support system centered on organizational guarantees,policy support,financial support,talent support,and legal support to steadily ad⁃vance the development of China's agricultural and rural modernization.