基于“部位-生境-组织-成分”的水生类中药相关性分析

"Medicinal Part-Habitat-Tissue-Component"Correlations of Aquatic Chinese Medicinal Plants

目的:对百味水生类中药的入药部位、生境、组织、成分和性味功效之间相关规律进行挖掘,为取象比类思维加强论证,为水生类药用植物的临床使用及资源开发提供理论依据。方法:通过查阅《中国水生植物》《中国植物志》及相关文献资料,筛选出在2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》《中华本草》《全国中草药汇编》《中药大辞典》及地方标准中收录的水生类中药共100味,对其“药物-科属-生活习性”及“药性-成分-中药学分类-药理活性”分别进行关联分析。结果:水生类中药四气以寒性居多,五味以含苦、辛、甘味居多,多归肝经,以全草或地上部分入药为主,具有发达的通气组织,主要含黄酮类、生物碱类、挥发油类化学成分,清热解毒、利尿是其主要功效。结论:水生类中药的入药部位、生境、组织、成分均与其性味功效之间存在一定的相关性,为水生类中药的资源开发和利用提供参考。

Objective:To explore the correlations between the medicinal parts,habitats,tissue,components,and medicinal properties(natures,tastes,and effects)of 100 aquatic Chinese medicinal plants,thus providing evidence for the relationship between image and analogy and laying a theoretical foundation for the clinical use and development of aquatic Chinese medicinal plant resources.Method:The Aquatic Plants of China,Flora of China,and related literature were searched,and a total of 100 aquatic Chinese medicinal plants included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),Chinese Materia Medica,National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Dictionary of Chinese Materia Medica,and local standards were screened out.The medicine-taxonomic status-life habit associations and nature-component-traditional Chinese medicine classification-pharmacological effect associations were analyzed respectively.Result:The aquatic Chinese medicinal plants mostly had a cold nature,bitter,pungent,and sweet tastes,and tropism to the liver meridian.The whole plant or aerial part was mainly used for medicinal purposes,and these plants generally had well developed aerenchyma.These plants mainly contained flavonoids,alkaloids,and volatile oils and had the effects of clearing heat,detoxifying,and promoting urination.Conclusion:There are correlations between the medicinal parts,habitats,tissue,components,medicinal properties,and effects of aquatic Chinese medicinal plants,which provide reference for the development and utilization of aquatic Chinese medicinal plant resources.