数字司法的理论反思:意义、问题与监管

Theoretical Reflection on Digital Justice:Meaning,Problems and Supervision

数字司法标志着司法3.0阶段的到来。在这一阶段,人工智能的角色已从“数字书记员”演变为“法律同伴”,技术深度赋能司法体现为最大化司法裁判的可计算空间,表征为法律规则的再规则化,事实认定的数字模型化以及自动联结案件事实和裁判结论。但数字司法也产生了用技术手段消解程序空间,用数据运算隐匿评价余地和用可能性取代规范性的问题,问题产生的根源在于用技术替代主体意义上的“人”的倾向。由此,要强化对数字司法的人工监管,既确保其追求数字正义的正确价值导向,也要建构和完善相应的监管机制。数字司法的力量来自数字技术与司法裁判之价值目标间的相符,弱点则来自两者的相悖。因此,数字司法何去何从,最终还是取决于法律(或者说人)的调控。

Digital justice marks the arrival of Justice 3.0 stage.At this stage,the role of artificial intelligence has evolved from a"digital clerk"to a"legal companion".The deep empowerment of technology to adjudication reflects in maximizing the computable space of judicial decisions,being characterized as the re regularization of legal rules,the digital modeling of fact determination,and the automatic connection of case facts and judicial conclusions.However,digital justice has also created the problems of using technical means to eliminate the procedural space,using data operations to conceal the evaluation space,and replacing normativity with possibilty.The root of these problems lies in the tendency to replace"person"in the sense of subjectivism with technology.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out manual supervision of digital justice,not only to ensure its correct value orientation to pursuing digital"justice",but also to construct and improve the corresponding supervision mechanism.The advantages of digital justice come from the convergence between digital technology and the value goals of judicial decisions,while its weakness comes from the cont radict ion between the two.Therefore,how digital justice functions ultimately depends on how it is regulated by the law(or human).