基于PBTK模型评估北方地区膳食镉暴露人体健康风险

Risk assessment of dietary cadmium exposure on human health in northern China based on PBTK model

镉(Cd)是一种有毒重金属,可通过食物链传递到人体,对人体健康构成威胁。基于生理学的毒物动力学(PBTK)模型是量化人类暴露于环境元素的有用工具。基于PBTK模型,结合大面积区域调查数据,预测北方某小麦主产区居民因食用受Cd污染的食物而可能出现的尿镉(U-Cd)水平。研究结果显示,区域内57.8%小麦籽粒Cd含量超过国家食品安全限量标准(0.1 mg·kg^(-1))。区域人群中约35.1%的个体Cd摄入量超过JECFA的推荐安全值(0.8μg·(kg·d^(-1))),高达70.8%的个体超过EFSA的推荐值(0.36μg·(kg·d^(-1)))。PBTK模型模拟结果显示,随着年龄增长,区域人群U-Cd含量呈上升趋势。70岁女性和男性U-Cd含量分别达到1.60μg·g^(-1)肌酐和0.80μg·g^(-1)肌酐。70岁女性U-Cd含量是男性的两倍且超过EFSA推荐的U-Cd含量安全限值(1μg·g^(-1)肌酐)。PBTK模型的应用能够预测不同暴露人群中U-Cd的累积水平,对于制定有效的区域Cd污染防治策略具有重要意义,并为食品安全风险评估提供科学依据。

Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic heavy metal that poses a threat to human health through food chain contamination.Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic(PBTK)modeling is a valuable tool to quantify human exposure to environmental elements.Based on PBTK modeling,combined with extensive regional survey data,the potential urinary Cd(U-Cd)concentrations due to the consumption of Cd-contaminated food by the inhabitants of a major wheat-producing area in northern China were predicted.Results showed that 57.8%of the wheat grain samples exceeded the national food safety threshold value for Cd(0.1 mg·kg^(-1)).Approximately 44.8%of residents had Cd intake concentrations surpassing the safe limit recommended by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA)(0.8μg·(kg·d^(-1))),while a significant 70.8%surpassed the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)recommended intake value(0.36μg·(kg·d^(-1)))for Cd intake.PBTK modeling showed an increasing trend of U-Cd concentrations with age among the population.The U-Cd concentrations for 70-year-old females and males reached 1.60μg·g−1 creatinine and 0.80μg·g^(-1) creatinine,respectively.The U-Cd concentration for 70-year-old females was twice that of males and exceeded the EFSA recommended safety limit value(1μg·g−1 creatinine)for U-Cd concentration.The application of the PBTK modeling for forecasting U-Cd accumulation across varied exposure groups is crucial in formulating effective regional measures to mitigate Cd contamination,thereby offering a scientific foundation for food safety risk assessment.