2023年深圳市福田区甲型H1N1流感病毒进化分析

Evolutionary analysis of influenza A(H1N1)virus in Futian district,Shenzhen in 2023

目的 通过对深圳市福田区甲型H1N1流感病毒进行基因进化变异监测,为甲型H1N1流感的科学防控提供理论依据。方法 对深圳市福田区2023年第一季度采集的流感监测哨点医院病例、暴发性流感疫情病例咽拭子进行核酸检测及病毒分离,将分离得到的41株甲型H1N1流感病毒进行流感病毒全基因组高通量测序,通过Snippy软件提取全基因组单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),通过Muscle软件进行多序列比对和Iqtree软件分别构建血凝素(hemagglutinin,HA)基因和神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase,NA)基因进化树。与全球各地的毒株序列、WHO推荐的疫苗株进行比较,分析其分子流行特点。结果 41株H1N1毒株测序平均全基因组覆盖度达98.06%,确保了测序数据的可靠性。与全球各地的毒株比较,深圳市福田区的41株甲型H1N1流感病毒分离株与来源于东南亚的毒株同源性较高。以WHO推荐的2023—2024年北半球疫苗株A/Wisconsin/67/2022作为参考,本地毒株在HA的抗原变异位点S154P、R159K、E277D、A294T、D373E和H468N变异,NA抗原主要发生V13I、S200N、L339S、N469X变异。S154P和R159K位于Sa区,此处变异可能与抗原漂移或免疫逃逸有关。结论 2023年深圳市福田区甲型H1N1流感病毒的遗传多样性和抗原变异可能影响疫苗的效果。持续监测对于指导公共卫生干预和疫苗株的选择至关重要。

Objective To conduct genetic variation monitoring of influenza A(HIN1)virus in Futian dis-trict of Shenzhen city through evolutionary analysis,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific pre-vention and control of HlNl.Methods Throat swab specimens from influenza surveillance sentinel hos-pitals and outbreaks of influenza cases were collected and isolated in the Futian district of Shenzhen for nucleic acid detection in the first quarter of 2023.The H1N1 whole gene sequences of 41 isolated H1N1 strains were determined by high-throughput sequencing,and the whole genome single nucleotide polymor-phisms(SNPs)were extracted using Snippy software.Multiple sequence alignment was performed using Muscle software,and hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)evolution trees were constructed using Iqtree software.The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the viruses were analyzed by comparing them with sequences from all over the world and the vaccine strains recommended by WHO.Results The sequencing achieved an average genome coverage of 98.06%for the 41 H1N1 strains,confirming data reliability.A comparison with strains from around the world showed that the local strains had a high degree of homology with those from Southeast Asia.Using vaccine strain A/Wisconsin/67/2022 as a reference,local strains mutated at HA antigenic variation sites S154P,R159K,E277D,A294T,D373E,and H468N,while NA antigens mainly mutated at V13I,S200N,L339S,and N469X.The mutations S154P and R159K were located in the Sa region,and these variations might be associated with antigenic drift or immune escape.Conclusions The genetic diversity and antigenic variations of the 2023 H1N1 influenza virus in Shenzhen's Futian district may influence vaccine effectiveness.Continuous monitoring is crucial for guiding public health interventions and vaccine strain selection.