生物有机配方肥替代化肥对剑麻生长和土壤质量的影响

Effect on Sisal Growth and Soil Quality by Bio-organic Formulated Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer

为了深入探究生物有机配方肥在剑麻种植中作为化肥替代品的增产增效潜力,在同一块地上设计3个不同的施肥处理试验:施用常规化肥,尿素450 kg/hm^(2)、磷肥1500 kg/hm^(2)、钾肥450 kg/hm^(2)和有机肥料7500 kg/hm^(2)(CK);施用1/2常规化肥与剑麻生物有机配方肥1875 kg/hm^(2)(T1);施用剑麻生物有机配方肥3750 kg/hm^(2)(T2)。结果表明,与CK相比,T2处理下剑麻地土壤的有效磷和速效钾含量分别降低了31.21 mg/kg和95.80 mg/kg,而碱解氮和交换性钙含量分别显著升高了21.49 mg/kg和63.42 mg/kg。此外,T2处理显著提升了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,分别是CK处理的17.98倍和2.06倍。同时,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著降低,而蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性则显著提高,T1、T2处理分别达到了CK处理的1.05倍、1.33倍和1.20倍,4.39倍、1.38倍和1.22倍。另外,T2处理还显著促进了剑麻对钙的吸收利用,剑麻叶片全钙含量和叶片纤维含量在2021年和2022年分别比CK处理高出16.67%、6.91%和22.71%、9.51%。此外,T2处理每年可节省成本1837.50元/hm^(2),两年合计增加收入2473.50元/hm^(2)。因此,与常规化肥(CK)相比,剑麻生物有机配方肥不仅能够调整土壤养分成分,提升剑麻对钙的吸收及麻片纤维含量,还能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量及酶活性,实现化肥减量增效。该研究为促进剑麻生产与土壤保护提供了重要的参考依据。

In order to further explore the increasing yield and efficiency potential of bio-organic formula fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizer in sisal planting,three different fertilization treatments were designed on the same plot:applying conventional chemical fertilizer,including 450 kg/hm^(2)of urea,1500 kg/hm^(2)of phosphate fertilizer,450 kg/hm^(2)of potash fertilizer,and 7500 kg/hm?of organic fertilizer(CK);applying 1/2 of conventional chemical fertilizer and 1875 kg/hm^(2)of sisal bio-organic formula ferilizer(T1);applying 3750 kg/hm^(2)of sisal bio-organic formula fertilizer(T2).The results showed that compared with CK,the available phosphorus and available potassium contents in the soil of the sisal field under T2 treatment decreased by 31.21 mg/kg and 95.80 mg/kg,respectively,while the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and exchangeable calcium significantly increased by 21.49 mg/kg and 63.42 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,T2 treatment significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents,which were 17.98 times and 2.06 times those of CK treatment,respectively.At the same time,soil acid phosphatase activity was significantly reduced,while sucrose enzyme activity,urease activity,and peroxidase activity were significantly increased,reaching 1.05 times,1.33 times,and 1.20 times,and 4.39 times,1.38 times,and 1.22 times those of CK treatment,respectively.Furthermore,T2 treatment significantly promoted the absorption and utilization of calcium by sisal,resulting in an increase in the fiber content of its leaves by 16.67%and 6.91%in 2021 and 2022,respectively,compared with CK treatment.Additionally,T2 treatment could save costs of 1837.50 yuan/hm^(2) each year,with a total increase in income of 2473.50 yuan/hm^(2) over two years.Therefore,compared with conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),sisal bio-organic formula fertilizer can not only adjust soil nutrient composition,enhance the absorption of calcium by sisal and increase the fiber content of its leaves,but also significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents and enzyme activities,achieving the goal of reducing chemical fertilizer use and increasing its efficiency.This provides important reference for sisal production and soil protection.