陕北矿区沙土及高羊茅对煤气化渣堆肥基质的响应研究

Response of Physical and Chemical Properties of Festuca arundinacea and Sandy Soil in Northern Shaanxi Mining Area to Coal Gasification Residue Compost Substrate

为了探究陕北矿区沙土及高羊茅对煤气化渣堆肥基质的响应机理,本试验将煤气化渣和鸡粪好氧堆肥基质作为土壤调理剂,分析不同堆肥配比对土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落结构及高羊茅生长的影响,旨在为矿区生态修复提供理论依据。试验结果表明:配施煤气化渣堆肥基质可有效调节沙土pH,提升土壤养分,与沙土对照相比,PM2-M(鸡粪+秸秆+10%煤气化渣)处理组有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别提升了101.49%、92.94%、188.53%、132.55%。配施煤气化渣堆肥基质可显著提高细菌群落的多样性,PM2-M处理组假单胞菌属、Devosia属、芽孢杆菌属相对丰度分别提高了35.8倍、1.56倍、9.47倍,可积极推动土壤中养分的转化效率,且pH值、有机质、碱解氮是影响细菌群落改变的主要因素。煤气化渣堆肥基质对矿区土壤改良效果较好,其中PM2-M处理组效果最佳,提升了土壤养分、微生物群落多样性,促进了高羊茅生长。

In order to explore the response mechanism of sandy soil and'Festuca arundinacea'to coal gasification residue compost substrate in the northern Shaanxi mining area,coal gasification residue and chicken manure aerobic compost substrate were used as soil conditioners to analyze the effects of different compost ratios on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community structure,and'Festuca arundinacea'growth.This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of mining areas.The results showed that the coal gasification residue compost substrate was able to effectively adjust the pH of sandy soil and improve soil nutrient content.Compared with the sandy soil control,the organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the PM2-M(a treatment group consisting of chicken manure,straw,and 10%coal gasification residue)increased by 101.49%,92.94%,188.53%,and 132.55%,respectively.The coal gasification residue compost substrate significantly improved the diversity of the bacterial community,with the relative abundance of Pseudomonas,Devosia,and Bacillus in the PM2-M treatment group increasing by 35.8 times,1.56 times,and 9.47 times,respectively.These bacteria actively promoted the nutrient conversion efficiency in the soil.pH,organic matter,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were the main factors affecting the changes in the bacterial community.The coal gasification residue compost substrate showed promising effects on soil improvement in the mining area,with the PM2-M treatment group yielding the best results,improving soil nutrients,microbial community diversity,and promoting the growth of Festuca arundinacea.