利用室温脉冲磁处理提升轴承寿命和可靠性的机理及应用

Mechanisms and Applications of Pulsed Magnetic Treatment at Room Temperature in Enhancing Life and Reliability of Bearings

脉冲磁处理(PMT)技术是一种能提升轴承寿命和可靠性的较新工艺技术,已在某些领域得到初步应用。综述了利用PMT调控轴承钢显微组织和力学性能的研究以及所开展的机理分析工作,研究结果表明:PMT技术对轴承疲劳寿命、断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展速率和残余应力等关键性能有改善作用;微观组织分析发现PMT技术可提升轴承钢残余奥氏体稳定性,改善晶界和位错密度分布,并从PMT影响溶质原子与位错运动、未成对电子的自旋组态变化的角度阐明了相关的作用机制;应用实例显示PMT可使轴承台架寿命提升2~3倍,显著降低陀螺仪启动时长,并在特定角接触球轴承产品上得到批量应用。

Pulsed magnetic treatment(PMT)technology is a relatively new process technology that can improve the life and reliability of bearings,and has been preliminarily applied in certain fields.The research on microstructure and mechanical properties of bearing steel controlled by PMT and the mechanism analysis work are reviewed.The results show that PMT technology has an improvement effect on key properties such as bearing fatigue life,fracture toughness,fatigue crack propagation rate and residual stress;the microstructure analysis reveals that PMT technology can enhance the stability of residual austenite in bearing steel,improve the distribution of grain boundaries and dislocation density,and elucidate the relevant mechanisms from the perspective of PMT’s influence on solute atoms and dislocation movement and changes in spin configurations of unpaired electrons;the application examples show that PMT can increase the life of bearing benches by 2~3 times,significantly reduce the start-up time of gyroscopes,and be widely used in batch on specific angular contact ball bearing products.