铁矿石氢还原行为研究

Study on hydrogen reduction behavior of iron ore

为了实现钢铁行业的绿色低碳转型,中国宝武2021年发布碳中和技术路线图,将氢冶金作为6大技术方向、2条主要技术路径之一。结合传统氢冶金需要高品位铁矿石资源紧缺的现状,2023年,中国宝武提出了资源适应性更广的氢还原电熔炼工艺(HyRESP,即Hydrogen Reduction and Electric Smelting Process),在该工艺中,氢基竖炉是核心工艺之一。对比了高炉和直接还原用块矿、球团在富氢气氛下还原速度、低温还原粉化率等差异,结果表明,球团的还原速度和低温还原粉化指标均优于块矿,但不同品位球团指标差异较大。同时研究了球团在不同含氢气体下还原膨胀率的差异,结果表明,随着还原气中氢气比例的提高,球团还原膨胀率呈现降低的趋势,氢气体积分数由55%提高至100%时,P1球团还原膨胀率由16.05%降低至9.32%。结合上述5种炉料的氢还原性能,对比直接还原竖炉的相关标准,只有P3球团可100%使用,其余4种需要通过配矿、气体成分调整等才能满足竖炉要求。研究结果为湛江百万吨级氢基竖炉投产及生产调整提供了基础数据。

To achieve green and low-carbon transformation in the steel industry,China Baowu released a carbon neutral technology roadmap in 2021,with hydrogen metallurgy as one of the six major technological directions and two main technological paths.Due to the fact that current shortage of high-grade iron ore resources required by traditional hydrogen metallurgy,in 2023,China Baowu proposed a hydrogen reduction electric smelting process(HyRESP is Hydrogen Reduction and Electric Smelting Process)with a wider adaptability of iron ore resources,in which the hydrogen-based shaft furnace is one of the core facilities.The differences in reduction rate and lowtemperature reduction degradation between lump ore and pellet under hydrogen rich atmosphere were studied.The results show that the reduction speed and low-temperature reduction disintegration index of pellets are better than those of lump ore,but there are significant differences in pellet indicators for different grades.At the same time,the difference in reduction swelling index of pellets under different hydrogen containing gases was studied.The results showed that as the proportion of hydrogen in the reduction gas increased,the reduction swelling index of pellets showed a decreasing trend.When the hydrogen content increased from 55%to 100%,the reduction swelling index of P1 pellets decreased from 16.05%to 9.32%.Based on the hydrogen reduction performance of the five furnace materials mentioned above,and comparing with the relevant standards of direct reduction shaft furnaces,only P3 pellets can be used 100%,while the other four require ore blending,gas composition adjustment,etc.to meet the requirements of vertical furnaces.The research results provide basic data for the commissioning and production adjustment of the one-million-ton hydrogen-based shaft furnace in Zhanjiang.