焦化行业典型大气污染物控制技术研究进展

Research and development on typical air pollutant control technology in coking industry

自党的“十八大”以来,国家将大气污染防治工作纳入社会经济发展全局。焦化行业成为继火电、钢铁行业之后又一个即将实施超低排放的行业。中国是世界上焦炭产量最大的国家,2023年中国焦炭产量4.9亿t,占全世界总产量的70%。实施焦化行业超低排放改造是一项系统工程,要统筹全工序、全流程提升企业大气污染治理水平。超低排放改造实施过程要实现多污染物协同控制,推动污碳的协同下降。长期以来,中国炼焦工业存在着污染物种类多、排放量大,超低排放成本高等突出问题。综述了焦化行业典型大气污染物控制的关键技术,以焦炉炉墙窜漏治理技术和废气回配技术为代表的污染物源头治理技术可实现SO_(2)、NO_(x)的显著降低,缓解了烟气末端治理的压力;焦炉烟气多污染物协同治理的难点是NO_(x)脱除,通过活性炭法多污染物控制技术和钠法SDA脱硫耦合低温SCR脱硝技术可实现硫、氮分步脱除,从而提高高脱硝效率并降低硫的回收成本;面向国家“双碳”目标和氢冶金的重大需求,焦炉煤气中的CH_(4)通过重整反应转化为H_(2)和CO,实现高值化利用制备富氢还原气,为氢冶金提供技术支撑。焦化行业大气污染物控制技术的实施,将有利于焦化行业的绿色高质量发展。

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the state has incorporated the prevention and control of air pollution into the overall social and economic development.The coking industry has become another industry that will implement ultra-low emissions after the thermal power and steel industries.China is the world′s coke production,consumption and supply center,in 2023,China′s coke production of 490 million tons,accounting for 70%of the world′s total output.The implementation of ultra-low emission transformation in the coking industry is a systematic project,and it is necessary to coordinate the whole process to improve the air pollution control technology of enterprises.The implementation process of ultra-low emission transformation should realize the coordinated control of multiple pollutants,and promote the"double reduction"of pollutant emission intensity and carbon emission intensity.There are prominent problems in China′s coking industry,such as a wide variety of polltats,large emissions,and high ultra-low emission costs.The key technologies of typical air pollution control for reducing pollutant and carbon in the coking industry are reviewed.The pollutant source control technology represented by coke oven wall channeling control technology and waste gas reallocation technology can achieve significant reduction of SO_(2) and NO_(x),and the pollutant source reduction can relieve the pressure of flue gas end treatment.The difficulty of multi-pollutant collaborative treatment of coke oven flue gas is NO_(x) removal.Multi-pollutant control technology of activated carbon method and low-temperature SCR denitrification technology coupled with SDA desulphurization can achieve step-by-step removal of sulfur and nitrogen,which can achieve high denitrification efficiency and low-cost recovery of sulfur.Facing the national"carbon neutrality"and"carbon peaking"goal and the major demand of hydrogen metallurgy,coke oven gas uses CH_(4) to transform into H_(2) and CO through reforming reaction to achieve high value utilization and preparation of hydrogen-rich reduction gas to provide technical support for hydrogen-rich metallurgy,and realize the resource of greenhouse gases.The promotion and implementation of collaborative pollution reduction and carbon reduction air pollution control technology in the coking industry will be conducive to the green and high-quality development of the coking industry.