钢铁工业CCUS全流程降碳体系构建与技术进展

Construction and technological progress of CCUS wholeprocess carbon reduction system in iron and steel industry

探讨了钢铁工业碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术的发展特征、全流程降碳体系构建以及技术进展。阐述了钢铁工业碳排放特征、碳减排技术发展现状,以及CCUS技术的发展特征,钢铁工业作为重工业的重要组成部分,钢铁生产过程中煤炭等化石燃料的燃烧导致了大量的碳排放,中国虽然近年来对CCUS的重视程度不断提升,但整体仍处于发展初期,尚需进一步完善技术和政策支持。构建“6C”体系,打造CCUS全流程一体化解决方案,详述了包括碳捕获、利用、封存、核证、监测以及资产等6个环节的技术、策略和应用案例,以及如何通过优化实现降低碳排放的目标,同时也为其他工业领域提供了宝贵的碳排放控制经验和参考。分析了钢铁工业CCUS技术在典型钢铁场景应用的进展,提出了3条碳减排路径,传统高炉CCUS路线通过对部分高炉煤气的源头碳捕集与分离进行CO循环与CO_(2)利用;基于目前碳捕集能耗与成本偏高问题提出末端烟气直接固碳路线降低捕集端CO_(2)纯度;氢冶金耦合CCUS路线通过可再生能源制氢与CCUS结合得到绿色甲醇。3条碳减排路径的实施将推动传统长流程减碳、碳源输入减少、碳资源利用与生产过程结合并实现产品高附加值利用,未来示范项目的规模化开展将实现钢铁工业CO_(2)内循环与跨行业利用,并提出了推动钢铁工业CCUS技术发展的建议和展望。

The development characteristics of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology in the iron and steel industry,the construction of the whole-process carbon reduction system and the technological progress are discussed.It describes the carbon emission characteristics of the iron and steel industry,the current status of carbon emission reduction technology development,and the development characteristics of CCUS technology.The iron and steel industry,as an important part of the heavy industry,has a large amount of carbon emission caused by the com‐bustion of fossil fuels,such as coal,in the process of iron and steel production,and although the importance of CCUS has been increasing in recent years in our country,the whole process is still in the early stage of development,and further improvement of technology and policy support is needed.The"6C"system is constructed to create an integrated solution for the whole process of CCUS,detailing the technologies,strategies and application cases of the six links,including carbon capture,utilization,storage,verification,monitoring and assets,and how to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emissions through optimization,and at the same time providing valuable carbon emission control experiences and references for other industrial sectors,control experience and reference.The progress of the application of CCUS technology in typical iron and steel scenarios in the iron and steel industry is analyzed,and three carbon emission reduction paths are proposed,the traditional blast furnace CCUS route carries out CO recycling and CO_(2) utilization through the source carbon capture and separation of part of the blast furnace gas,the direct carbon sequestration route in the end flue gas is proposed to reduce the purity of CO_(2) at the capture end based on the current problem of high energy consumption and cost of carbon capture,and the hydrogen-metallurgy-coupled CCUS route reduces the CO_(2) purity at the capture end by means of hydrogen metallurgy coupled with CCUS route through the combination of renewable energy hydrogen production and CCUS to obtain green methanol.The implementation of the three carbon emission reduction routes will promote the carbon reduction of traditional long processes,reduce the input of carbon sources,combine the utilization of carbon resources with the production process and realize the high value-added utilization of products,and the scaling up of the demonstration projects in the future will realize the internal circulation of CO_(2) in the iron and steel industry and its cross-industry utilization,and put forward the suggestions and prospects for the promotion of the development of CCUS technology in the iron and steel industry.