基于区块链的隐私保护碳核算模型

A Blockchain-based Privacy-preserving Carbon Accounting Model

碳核算有助于指导政府制定减排政策,推动低碳经济发展,并促进国际合作应对气候变化挑战.当前碳核算机制面临企业碳排放数据漏报、瞒报、弄虚作假以降低碳配额清缴成本的问题,以及各参与方之间监管力度不足,导致核算真实性、准确性不足,且难以兼顾企业数据隐私保护.为此,提出一种基于区块链的隐私保护碳核算模型.首先,结合区块链,通过将数据上链,使得数据公开透明且可追溯.其次,为了解决链上数据的隐私问题,使用同态加密系统对链上数据进行加密.此外,引入数字签名技术,让多个参与方对数据进行签名以实现多方确认.最后,设计了基于密文的比较协议,拓展了碳核算管理系统的辅助功能,提供企业之间进行数据安全比较的功能.理论和实验表明,该方案可以高效且安全地实现碳核算.

Carbon accounting helps guide governments in formulating emission reduction policies,promoting low-carbon economic development,and fostering international cooperation to address climate change challenges.Currently,the carbon accounting mechanism faces issues such as underreporting,concealment,and falsification of corporate carbon emission data to reduce the cost of carbon quota clearance,as well as insufficient regulatory efforts among participants,leading to a lack of authenticity and accuracy in accounting,and difficulty in protecting corporate data privacy.To address these issues,this paper proposes a privacy-protecting carbon accounting model based on blockchain technology.Firstly,by integrating with blockchain,data is made public,transparent,and traceable by uploading it onto the chain.Secondly,to address privacy concerns of data on the chain,this paper employs a homomorphic encryption system to encrypt the data.Additionally,digital signature technology is introduced to allow multiple participants to sign the data for mutual confirmation.Finally,this paper designs a ciphertext-based comparison protocol,expanding the auxiliary functions of the carbon accounting management system,and providing a secure data comparison function between enterprises.Theories and experiments demonstrate that this solution can efficiently and securely achieve carbon accounting.