司法审判中“合理怀疑”的逻辑哲学分析及其实践意义

Logical and Philosophical Analysis of“Reasonable Suspicion”in Judicial Trial and its Practical Significance

文章从逻辑哲学视角,探讨对“一个证据命题为真或者似真”合理怀疑的逻辑基础。排除合理怀疑是刑事诉讼“证据确实、充分”的要求。“怀疑”仅是一种意向态度,而“合理”才是排除合理怀疑的关键,因此,明晰“合理”和“怀疑”是办理案件中正确合理怀疑的重要前提。合理怀疑由符合常理得出,符合常理指已经确信了的真理;合理怀疑也指有根据的怀疑。从这两个方面着手,文章认为排除合理怀疑是为依法治国提供司法审判实践的基础。

From the perspective of logical philosophy,this paper explores the logical basis of reasonable suspicion about“a proposition of evidence is true or plausible”.The elimination of reasonable suspicion is the requirement of“facts are reliable and sufficient”in a criminal prosecution.“Suspicion”is only a kind of attitude of intention,and“reasonable”is the key to eliminate reasonable suspicion.Therefore,to clarify“reasonable”and“suspicion”is the prerequisite of the trial.Reasonable suspicion derives from a common sense as well as well-grounded inference.Common sense,in the other word,refers to the truth that has been convinced.Based on the two aspects,the article thinks that elimination of reasonable suspicion is the basis of judicial practice for ruling the country according to law.