仰韶文化中期核心区聚落考古与文明化成就*

Settlement Archaeology and Cizilization Achievement on the Core Area of the Mid Yangshao Culture Period

豫晋陕交界地区是仰韶文化中期的核心区,在庙底沟类型形成为标志的仰韶中期开始以后,便进入了文明化快速发展阶段,大型的壕沟、房址、墓葬普遍兴起,中心聚落形态发生改变。从材料较丰富的灵宝盆地中部铸鼎原周边聚落群,可以看出这一时期的诸多变化:生产力明显发展,农业经济成熟繁荣,人口增殖,出现大型聚落;社会分工、分化显著,出现不同阶层;权力不断加强,形成对复杂社会有效的管理体系。由此可以判断这里应出现了初期古国,可称为"铸鼎原古国",是中原地区文明化发展的重要成果,为中国史前最早形成的古国之一。

The contiguous area of Henan,Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces was the core region in the mid Yangshao Culture period.After the Miaodigou Culture type appeared in the mid Yangshao Culture period,this place embraced an era during which civilizations developed rapidly,the construction of large-scale ditches,houses and tombs became widespread,and changes in the forms of central settlements occurred.Settlement clusters around Zhudingyuan in the middle of Lingbao Basin contain abundant remains and relics,and illustrate multiple changes in this period.The productive forces grew significantly,the agricultural economy became fully developed and prospered,the population increased,and large settlements formed;the division of labor and social differentiation became obvious,and social stratification appeared;powers of the authority increased continuously,resulting in the formation of an effective management system for a complex society.Thus,it can be inferred that an initial ancient state in embryonic form,which can be called"ancient state on Zhudingyuan Terrace",appeared here.It is a landmark in the development of civilizations in the Central Plains,and is one of the earliest ancient states in prehistoric China.