秸秆降解菌筛选及其应用研究进展

Screening and Application Research Progress of Straw Degrading Bacteria

秸秆降解菌是促进秸秆降解的关键因素,研制出高效快速降解秸秆的菌剂可较大程度上提高中国秸秆肥料化应用的比重,促进中国农业可持续化发展。国内外关于产纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶等产酶微生物的研究较多,但关于秸秆降解的应用研究较少,市场上也未有应用效果较好的产品,应该加大秸秆降解菌在堆肥实验、还田应用、环境驯化等方面的研究及加快秸秆降解菌的产品化和标准化进程。本研究从高温、常温、低温降解菌三方面综述了水稻、小麦、玉米三大作物秸秆降解菌的筛选及应用研究进展,并总结出秸秆降解菌进一步研究的有利措施,以期能够为中国秸秆肥料化应用研究提供有利依据。

Strawdegrading bacteria are the key factor to promote the degradation of straw.The development of efficient and rapid straw-degrading inoculants can greatly increase the proportion of straw fertilizer application and promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China.There are many studies on cellulase,hemicellulase,ligninase and other enzyme-producing microorganisms at home and abroad,but there are few applied researches on straw degradation,and there are no products with better application effects on the market,so it should be increased research on the application of straw-degrading bacteria in composting experiment,field application,environmental domestication,etc.,and accelerate the process of productization and standardization of strawdegrading bacteria.This study summarizes the screening and application research progress of straw-degrading bacteria for rice,wheat,and corn from three aspects of high temperature,normal temperature and low temperature degradation bacteria,and summarizes the beneficial measures for further research on straw degrading bacteria,in order to provide a favorable basis for the application research of strawfertilizer in China.