四川广汉市三星堆遗址戴家梁城墙2015年度发掘简报

The 2015 Excavation of Daijialiang City Wall at Sanxingdui Site,Guanghan City,Sichuan

2015年12月至2016年6月,四川省文物考古研究院对三星堆遗址戴家梁城墙南段进行了考古发掘,确认了该段城墙(Q2)及外侧城壕(CH2),发现先秦时期的8条灰沟、3座墓葬。城墙始建年代不早于距今3900—3800年,不晚于二里岗上层至殷墟一期,城壕在二里岗上层至殷墟一期处于使用阶段。城墙结构以及使用土坯砖的现象均与陈家梁城墙相同,而与戴家梁城墙中段、月亮湾小城南城墙不同,表明三星堆城址并非一次性建造,而是分阶段营建。

From December 2015 to June 2016,Sichuan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted a comprehensive archaeological excavation on the southern section of the Daijialiang city wall(Q2)at the Sanxingdui site,revealing a section of the city wall,a moat(CH2),and some habitation remains of the pre-Qin period,including 8 ash ditches and 3 burials.The initial construction of the city wall dates back no earlier than 3900-3800 years before present,no later than the upper layer of the Erligang culture to the first phase of the Yinxu culture,and the moat was in use at least from the upper layer of the Erligang culture to the first phase of the Yinxu culture.The structure of the southern section of Daijialiang city wall can be roughly divided into three parts:the central part serves as the main body,with a lower inclination of its rammed layers compared to other parts,and some white paste sludge resembles adobe bricks;the side parts are inclined towards the central part.The structure of the city wall and the phenomenon of using adobe brick are the same as those of the Chenjialiang city wall,suggesting that both of them might be constructed simultaneously.However,they differ from the middle section of the Daijialiang city wall and the southern section of the Yueliangwan city wall,indicating that they were not constructed at the same time,which implies that the Sanxingdui city site was not built in a single phase,but rather constructed in stages over time.In addition,the pottery sherds excavated from the outer units were from a later period,which seems to indicate that the Daijialiang city wall underwent later reinforcement or repair,possibly in relation to water erosion from the moat and the collapse of rammed earth.