职业教育“五金”建设的内在逻辑、现实样态与策略选择——基于扎根理论的质性研究

The Internal Logic,Realistic Manifestations and Strategic Choices of the“Five Key Components”in Vocational Education——A Qualitative Study Based on Grounded Theory

在实现教育强国建设进程中,“五金”建设成为加快职业教育高质量发展的有效举措。“五金”建设中,专业是基本单元,课程是核心要素,师资是根本保障,基地是实践平台,教材是主要载体。以“目标定位—组织实施—运行机制”为分析框架研究发现,“五金”建设存在定位不清、组织实施乏力、运行机制缺位等现实困境。加快“五金”建设应从如下方面推进:明确定位、强化资源供给和优化绩效管理打造“金专业”;科学设计、加强组织实施与建设制度保障打造“金课程”;强化信念、夯实知识能力和加大激励机制打造“金教师”;科学规划、实现转型发展和优化运营管理打造“金基地”;对接标准、加大资源供给和评价体系支撑打造“金教材”。

In the process of building a strong education nation,the construction of“five key components”has become an effective measure to accelerate the high-quality development of vocational education.In the construction of the“five key components”,the major is the basic unit,the curriculum is the core element,the faculty is the fundamental guarantee,the training base is the practical platform,and the textbooks are the main carrier.Using the“goal orientation—organizational implementation—operating mechanism”as the analytical framework,this study finds that the construction of the“five key components”faces practical challenges,including unclear positioning,weak organizational implementation,and a lack of operating mechanisms.To accelerate the construction of the“five key components”,efforts should focus on the following aspects:clarifying positioning,strengthening resource supply,and optimizing performance management to build“key majors”;scientifically designing,strengthening organizational implementation,and providing institutional guarantees to build“key curriculum”;reinforcing beliefs,consolidating knowledge and capabilities,and enhancing incentive mechanisms to build“key teachers”;scientifically planning,achieving transformation and development,and optimizing operational management to build“key training bases”;aligning with standards,increasing resource supply,and supporting evaluation systems to build“key textbooks”.