新型城镇化进程中中国乡村居住形态变迁与空间治理转型

Transformations of Rural Residential Morphologies and Related Spatial Governance in the Process of New-type Urbanization in China

快速城镇化引发乡村社会空间重组和居住形态变迁,并伴随农村社会分化与空间失衡等现实问题,理解乡村居住形态变迁的逻辑机理成为统筹推进新型城镇化与乡村振兴的关键路径。文章探索提出了乡村居住形态变迁的概念框架,刻画了乡村居住形态变迁的过程、特征与机理,及其与乡村空间转型的耦合关系与互馈机制,进一步探讨了乡村居住形态管控策略及空间治理转型方案。结果表明:①以人为本的新型城镇化引致乡村人口流动和迁移模式变迁,并进一步导致乡村社会空间快速重组与居住形态的剧烈变迁。②新型城镇化进程驱动乡村居住形态历经居住格局改变、住房低效利用、住房居住功能偏离和房屋闲置4个演化阶段,经济、社会文化和城乡政策分别具有直接驱动、间接影响和宏观引导作用。③乡村居住形态变迁推动乡村生活、生产、生态和文化空间转型,耦合联动的互馈机制使得各类空间也会对乡村居住形态施加影响。④精明发展导向下科学编制村庄空间规划,运用数字化技术实现乡村跨界治理,推动城乡融合发展促进多元治理和健全乡村空间治理机制是深入实施新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略的空间治理转型趋势。

Rapid urbanization has resulted in the reorganization of rural social space and the change of residential morphologies,as well as practical problems such as rural social differentiation and spatial imbalance.Understanding the logical mechanism driving changes in rural residential morphologies has become a crucial pathway for promoting newtype urbanization and rural vitalization.This paper explores the conceptual framework of the changes of rural residential morphologies,describes the process,characteristics and mechanism of the changes of rural residential morphologies,as well as its coupling relationship and mutual feeding mechanism with rural spatial transformation.It further discusses strateges for managing these changes in rural residential morphologies along with related plans for spatial governance transformation.The conclusions are drawn as follows:1)The new-type urbanization putting people first leads to the changes of rural population flow and migration mode,and further leads to the rapid reorganization of rural social space and the drastic changes in residential forms.2)The new-type urbanization process drives the changes of rural residential morphologies through four evolution stages:the change of housing pattern,the inefficient use of housing,the deviation of housing function and the idle of housing.Economic element,socio-cultural element and urban-rural policies have direct driving role,indirect influence role and macro-guiding role respectively.3)The changes of rural residential morphologies promote the transformation of rural living,production,ecological and cultural spaces,and the coupled and interconnected mutual feed mechanism makes all kinds of spaces also exert influences on rural residential morphologies.4)Under the guidance of smart development,the scientific preparation of village spatial planning is needed,as well as the use of digital technology to achieve rural cross-border governance.Promoting the diversified governance by boosting the urbanrural integrated development and improving the mechanism of rural spatial governance are the trends of spatial governance transformation for the in-depth implementation of the strategies of new-type urbanization and rural vitalization.