基于联盟区块链和星际文件系统的安全租房方案

Secure Rental Scheme Based on Consortium Blockchain and InterPlanetary File System

近年来租房市场蓬勃发展,各种租房平台应运而生。但现有的租房平台中心化问题严重,一旦中心服务器遭到破坏,容易引起单点失败问题,同时泄露用户的隐私。联盟区块链以分布式方式存储数据和执行合约,不依赖单个节点的可用性,即使某个中心节点失效,其他节点仍然可以继续运行和验证交易,确保系统的持续稳定性和安全性。提出一个基于联盟区块链和星际文件系统(IPFS)的安全租房方案。在方案中,房东通过预设访问策略对房源数据进行属性基加密,以实现数据的机密性和安全的细粒度访问控制。采用多关键词排序搜索,只返回最符合用户需求的前k个文件,从而提高搜索精度,同时节省网络带宽资源。最后,在区块链节点上部署搜索智能合约和验证智能合约用于陷门与索引的匹配以及搜索结果正确性的检验,同时为用户引入信誉智能合约和支付智能合约,前者用于量化信誉度,后者用于实现自动化执行租赁合约。安全性证明和性能分析表明,该方案达到了选择明文安全性及较高的搜索效率。

In recent years,the housing rental market has boomed,and various rental platforms have emerged.However,existing rental platforms face serious centralization issues,where damage to the central server can easily lead to a single point of failure and user privacy leakage.A consortium blockchain,on the other hand,stores data and executes contracts in a distributed manner,rather than relying on the availability of a single node.Even if a central node fails,the others can continue to execute and verify transactions,ensuring the continued stability and security of the system.Therefore,this study proposes a secure rental scheme based on consortium blockchain and InterPlanetary File System(IPFS).In this scheme,the landlord encrypts rental data using attribute-based encryption with a preset access policy to achieve data confidentiality and fine-grained access control.A multi-keyword ranked search,returning only the top k files that best meet the user′s needs,improves search accuracy and conserves network bandwidth.Finally,a search smart contract and verification smart contract are deployed on the blockchain node for trapdoor matching with the index and to verify search results.Additionally,a reputation smart contract and payment smart contract are introduced to quantify user reputation and automate the execution of the rental contract.Security proofs and performance analysis show that the scheme achieves chosen-plaintext security and high efficiency.