生产建设项目人为水土流失风险与分类监管的响应——以武汉市为例

Response of anthropogenic soil and water loss risk and classified supervision for production and construction projects:Take Wuhan city as an example

未来一段时期,我国开发建设强度仍将维持在较高水平,人为水土流失防治及监管任重道远。为实现人为水土流失分类分级及差别化管控,开展生产建设项目人为水土流失风险评估与分类监管研究非常迫切。基于以往研究成果,结合实践经验,定性和定量相结合,提出生产建设项目人为水土流失风险评估方法,即在建项目采取潜在水土流失风险评估与水土保持现状评价综合确定风险等级,完工项目则只需根据水土保持现状评价结果确定风险等级。以武汉市为例,对市本级117个生产建设项目进行人为水土流失风险评估。结果显示,武汉市生产建设项目以无风险等级为主,占项目总数的66.7%;其次为低风险等级,占项目总数的25.6%;中、高和极高风险等级分别仅占项目总数的2.6%、1.7%和3.4%。经典型案例分析,评估结果与实际较相符,证明评估方法科学可行。在此基础上,按照“无风险不打扰、低风险预提醒、中高风险严监控”总体要求,结合项目管理的其他需求,提出武汉市本级生产建设项目差别化分类监管的具体建议。

[Background]In the coming period,the intensity of development and construction in China will remain at a high level,and there is a long way to go to prevent and control anthropogenic soil and water loss.In order to achieve the classification and differential control of anthropogenic soil and water loss,it is urgent to carry out research on the risk assessment and classification supervision of anthropogenic soil and water loss in production and construction projects.[Methods]On the basis of defining the risk of anthropogenic soil and water loss,based on previous research results,combined with practical experience,and combining qualitative and quantitative methods,this paper put forward the risk assessment method of anthropogenic soil and water loss for production and construction projects.The risk level were determined by combing the potential risk assessment of soil&water loss and evaluation of soil&water conservation during construction.The completed projects mainly determined the risk level based on the evaluation of soil and water conservation.Taking Wuhan as an example,the method was used to assess the risk of 117 production and construction projects at the city level.[Results]The production and construction projects in Wuhan were mainly risk-free,accounting for 66.7%of the total number of projects.The second was low-risk level,accounting for 25.6%of the total number of projects.The medium-,high-and very high-risk levels accounted for only 2.6%,1.7%and 3.4%of the total number of projects,respectively.Among them,the high-risk level and extremely high-risk level projects were mainly due to the failure to carry out soil and water conservation monitoring in time while the project started,and the lack of implementation of soil and water loss prevention measures has issued rectification documents.On this basis,in accordance with the overall requirements of“No risk do not disturb,low risk pre-warning,medium-high risk strict monitoring”,combined with other needs of project management,the specific suggestions for the differential classified supervision of the production and construction projects in Wuhan were put forward.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of typical cases,the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation,which proves that the risk assessment method of anthropogenic soil and water loss for production and construction projects proposed in this paper is scientific and feasible,and it is of great significance in supporting the classified supervision of production and construction projects.In the actual formulation of the regulatory program,the assessment of risk magnitude and level is an important foundation and basis,but it should be considered in conjunction with the relevant regulatory provisions and other needs.