纯电动公交车辆调度与司机排班联合优化

Joint Optimization of Pure Electric Bus Vehicle and Driver Scheduling

为了解决公交车辆和司机任务分配的不均衡问题,提高车辆和司机的利用率,充分考虑车辆充电需求和司机工作时间约束等因素,提出了一种适用于电动公交车辆调度与司机排班联合优化的方法,以公交公司总运营成本最小化为目标建立了整数非线性规划模型,在考虑分时电价机制的前提下,策略性地采用“日间快充,夜间慢充”的充电模式,将车辆的充电时间与司机的休息时间安排在同一时间段,减少不必要的空闲时间,在保护电池的前提下提高公交运营效率。综合考虑车辆和司机行程分配策略及车辆充电策略,利用PSO-GA算法求解该模型,进一步生成车次链和车辆充电计划,并以哈尔滨31路公交线路为例对所提出的模型进行了验证。结果表明,合理的调度计划在将公交公司运营成本降低7.46%的同时,将公交车和司机的平均利用率提高了8.02%,提高了公共交通的运营效率,对城市公共交通的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Pure electric buses are rapidly being promoted and implemented in various cities as a viable solution for urban sustainability.However,growing concerns have been raised regarding the unbalanced distribution of tasks and underutilization of vehicles and drivers.An integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to solve these problems while considering factors such as vehicle charging demand and driver working hours.The objec⁃tive of the model is to minimize the total operating cost of bus companies.Under the premise of considering the time-of-use electricity pricing mechanism,the"fast charging during the day,slow charging at night"char⁃ging mode is strategically adopted.The charging time of the vehicle and the rest time of the driver are reasona⁃bly arranged in the same period as possible,to reduce unnecessary idle time and improve the efficiency of bus operation under the premise of protecting the battery.Considering the vehicle and driver trip allocation strategy and vehicle charging strategy,the PSO-GA algorithm is used to solve the model,and the trip chain and vehi⁃cle charging plan are further generated.Finally,the proposed model is validated by taking Harbin No.31 bus line as an example.The results show that reasonable scheduling plan can reduce the operating cost of bus com⁃panies by 7.46%,and the average utilization rate of buses and drivers is increased by 8.02%,which improves the operating efficiency of public transport and is of great significance to the sustainable development of urban public transportation.