新安江森林公园阔叶林木本植物生态位与种间联结性

Study on the ecological niche and interspecific associations in the evergreen broad-leaved forests of Xin’anjiang Forest Park

通过建立和调查植物多样性长期监测样地,探讨植物种间关系、生态位及群落稳定性,掌握群落演替规律,为森林公园的植物多样性保育、森林资源管理和植被恢复提供基础。在新安江森林公园内选取1 hm2的阔叶林动态监测样地,选取重要值排名前13的优势木本物种,通过计算生态位宽度(BS、BL)和生态位重叠指数(Oik),并运用方差比率法、χ^(2)检验、皮尔逊相关系数及斯皮尔曼秩相关系数等方法,分析物种生态位重叠指数与物种联结性之间的关系。研究发现,重要值排序与生态位宽度排序之间无显著相关性。木荷(Schima superba)的重要值最高,其次是青冈(Quercus glauca)、苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)和石栎(Lithocarpus glabra),这4个树种在群落资源竞争中占据优势地位,且优势物种间生态位重叠度较高。13个优势物种的总体联结性表现为显著正联结。χ^(2)检验结果表明种间相对独立性强,只有1对种对联结性显著,联结较为松散;Pearson相关系数中显著水平为24.4%, Spearman秩相关系数中也仅有28.2%种对表现为显著联结;生态位重叠指数与物种联结性之间呈正相关。综上所述,群落整体处于稳定状态,目前朝着正向演替的中后期阶段发展。建议对现在森林进行严格保护的同时,对于密度较高的林分可适当间伐部分苦槠、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata),以促进高质量森林群落的形成。

This study aimed to explore the interrelationships among plant species,their ecological niches,and community stability by establishing and investigating long-term biodiversity monitoring plots.Understanding the succession patterns of these communities can provide a foundation for biodiversity conservation,forest resource management,and vegetation restoration in forest parks.An 1 hm 2 plot was selected within the broad-leaved forest in the Xin’anjiang Forest Park for dynamic monitoring.Based on their importance values,the study focused on the top 13 dominant woody species.Ecological niche widths(B S,B L)and niche overlap indices(O ik)were calculated.Statistical methods including variance ratio,Chi-square testχ^(2),Pearson′s coefficient of correlation,and Spearman′s rank-order correlation coefficient were used to analyze the relationship between species niche overlap indices and species associations.The study found no significant correlation between the ranking of importance values and niche breadths.Schima superba presented the highest importance value,followed by Quercus glauca,Castanopsis sclerophylla,and Lithocarpus glabra.These four species demonstrated a competitive edge in the community′s resource dynamics,displaying a high degree of niche convergence among the dominant species.The collective linkage of the 13 dominant species demonstrated a marked positive correlation.Theχ^(2) test results indicated strong relative independence among species,with only one species pair showing significant linkage,indicating loose connectivity.The Pearson correlation coefficient presented a significant level of 24.4%,while the Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed that only 28.2%of species pairs had significant linkage.The niche overlap index was positively correlated with species connectivity.In summary,the overall community was determined to be in a stable state and is currently progressing toward the mid-to-late stage of positive succession.It is recommended that appropriate thinning of denser stands,particularly of Castanopsis sclerophylla and Cunninghamia lanceolata,be conducted to promote the formation of a high-quality forest community while strictly protecting the current forest.