基于改进流向算法的无线传感器网络三维覆盖优化

3D Coverage Optimization for WSNs Based on Improved Flow Direction Algorithm

针对传统算法无法很好地解决无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,WSN)三维非均匀覆盖的问题,文章提出一种基于改进流向算法(improved flow direction algorithm,IFDA)的无线传感器网络三维覆盖优化算法。其首先引入Gauss映射对节点初始化分布进行处理,使节点分布更为均匀,提高了传感器网络对事件的覆盖率;其次,将T分布扰动融入流向算法,使得算法的全局搜索能力进一步提高;最后提出了一种基于随机数的越界处理方法,以优化节点的越界重定位。将所提出的优化算法与虚拟力算法(virtual force algorithm,VFA)、未知目标精确覆盖算法(exact cover algorithm,ECA)和人工势场算法(artifical potential field algorithm,APFA)在事件呈T型不均匀部署和线型不均匀部署两种情况下进行对比实验,结果表明,在事件呈T型不均匀分布下,IFDA算法的覆盖效能较VFA算法、ECA算法、APFA算法的分别有3.0%、4.2%和6.3%的提高;在事件呈线型不均匀分布下,IFDA算法的覆盖效能较其他3种算法的分别有5.1%、6.2%和7.1%的提升,能够较好地解决无线传感器网络在三维非均匀覆盖情况下节点的分布问题。

Traditional algorithms often struggle to address the issue of three-dimensional non-uniform coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).This paper presents a three-dimensional coverage optimization algorithm for WSNs,based on an improved flow direction algorithm.Firstly,Gauss mapping is introduced to process the initialized distribution of nodes,allowing for a more uniform distribution and enhancing the coverage of events within the sensor network.Secondly,T-distribution perturbation is integrated into the flow direction algorithm,further improving its global search capability.Finally,a random-number-based processing method is incorporated to optimize the relocation of out-of-bounds nodes.The proposed optimization algorithm was compared experimentally with Virtual Force Algorithm(VFA),Exact Coverage Algorithm for Unknown Targets(ECA),and Artificial Potential Field Algorithm(APFA)under two scenarios:T-type non-uniform distribution and linear non-uniform distribution of events.The results showed that,under the former scenario,the coverage efficiency of the Improved Flow Direction Algorithm(IFDA)was improved by 3.0%,4.2%,and 6.3%compared to VFA,ECA,and APFA,respectively.Under the latter scenario,the coverage efficiency of IFDA was improved by 5.1%,6.2%,and 7.1%compared to the other three algorithms,respectively.These findings demonstrate the better performance of the proposed algorithm in addressing the node distribution issue in WSNs in the case of three-dimensional non-uniform coverage.