考虑回收率提升效益的电子废弃物协作回收物流模式研究

Research on Collaborative Recycling Logistics Mode of E-waste Considering Recovery Rate Improvement

现有电子废弃物回收物流模式未考虑主体间协作,存在成本高、回收率低等现实问题。基于此,本文充分考虑顾客时间需求,提出多个企业间的协作回收物流模式。首先,设计依托第三方信息平台的协作回收机制;其次,构建带时间窗的多方协作回收车辆路径问题模型并求解;然后,采用Shapley值法对联盟总成本进行分摊,综合考虑回收价格和顾客时间需求,同时考虑企业回收效率,建立回收率量化模型,求解并对比协作与非协作、有时间窗与无时间窗的成本及回收率;最后,基于实际调研数据设计对比算例,进一步分析成本节约量和回收率的影响因素。通过数值实验,得出以下结论:相较单独回收和传统回收模式,多方协作回收的总成本节约量可达37.02%左右,各企业分摊成本降低了30%~40%;相较单独回收,协作回收模式下回收率可提高20%以上,而相比传统回收,协作回收模式下回收率提升量甚至可达60%以上,验证了多方协作回收可以实现降本增效,为实际协作回收提供了决策依据。此外,顾客分布越均匀,协作成本节约量越大,越有必要采取多方协作回收模式,并且无论顾客分布均匀与否、顾客需求高低,充分考虑时间窗需求均会提升顾客回收意愿。

With the rapid economic growth,growing demand for high-tech products and decreasing service life of products,E-waste is surging.Due to its environmental pollution and the valuable resources contained,E-waste has become a focus.However,a very small percentage of used electronic products are recycled.One of the important reasons for this problem is the lack of economic and efficient recycling logistics mode.The existing E-waste recycling logistics mode ignores the collaboration between stakeholders,resulting in high cost and low recovery rate.Thus,a horizontal logistics cooperation is considered in which multiple enterprises collaboratively solve their logistics optimisation problem through the platform.In this study,this problem is modelled as an integer programming which minimizes vehicle routing costs and fixed costs for sub-alliances,named the multi-owner collaborative recycling vehicle routing problem model with time windows.Based on the model,the optimal results of routes planning can be solved.The total cost of each sub-alliance can also be quantified.Then,Shapley value method is used to allocate the total cost of the alliance.The recovery rate quantization function model in collaborative recycling logistics mode is constructed based on customer satisfaction and enterprise recovery efficiency.Through numerical experiments,the benefits of collaborative recycling are demonstrated and the influencing factors of cost saving and recovery rate are further discussed.The following conclusions are drawn:the cost of multi-owner collaborative recycling can reduced by 30%-40%.Compared with individual recycling,collaborative recovery rate can increase by more than 20%,and compared with traditional recovery,the recovery rate can even increase by more than 60%.Thus,the significant cost reduction and recovery rate improvement can be verified.In addition,the consideration of time windows can obtain higher recovery rate and collaboration shows to be particularly attractive for enterprises with more dispersed demand orders because of higher cost reduction.Collaborative recycling logistics mode proposed is an important supplement to the existing recycling mode,and its path optimization and cost allocation have wide application value in practical recycling.There are important reference value and practical significance for enterprises to choose collaborative recycling mechanism and relevant cost allocation.